Panduan Makan Sehat bagi Pengidap Thalasemia

Panduan Makan Sehat bagi Pengidap Thalasemia
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Pengidap thalasemia memiliki kelainan berupa gangguan produksi hemoglobin akibat adanya mutasi genetik pada salah satu rantai protein dalam hemoglobin. Akibatnya, mereka memiliki hemoglobin yang lebih sedikit dari normal dan menyebabkan tubuh kekurangan oksigen. Pasien thalasemia perlu memerhatikan faktor gaya hidup untuk mengontrol gejala penyakitnya. Salah satu caranya adalah memerhatikan pola makan sehari-hari.

 

Pola Makan Sehat untuk Penderita Thalasemia

Asupan zat besi menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pola makan penderita thalasemia. Orang yang mengalami thalasemia berat umumnya dianjurkan menerima transfusi darah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sel darah merah tubuh.

Namun karena mereka menerima transfusi darah secara rutin, mereka mengalami efek samping dari transfusi darah yaitu penumpukan zat besi dalam tubuh (hemokromatosis). Karena itu, pasien thalasemia umumnya tidak disarankan untuk mengonsumsi makanan yang tinggi kandungan zat besinya seperti daging, ikan, bayam, dll. 

Kelebihan zat besi dalam tubuh dapat memicu masalah pada organ vital. Gangguan fungsi pada organ dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti kerusakan hati, kerusakan pankreas, gangguan jantung dan radang sendi.

Baca Juga: Hemokromatosis Keturunan, Kelainan Kelebihan Zat Besi di Dalam Tubuh

Selain risiko kelebihan zat besi, penderita thalasemia juga berisiko mengalami kekurangan nutrisi. Salah satu masalah umum yang dialami penderita thalasemia adalah kekurangan vitamin C, D, E, asam folat dan mineral seperti zink dan selenium. Karenanya, pengidap thalasemia perlu memerhatikan dengan benar asupan nutrisinya sehari-hari. 

Berikut ini beberapa nutrisi yang penting dikonsumsi pengidap thalasemia:

 

1. Asam folat

Bagi pasien thalasemia yang tidak menerima transfusi darah, direkomendasikan untuk mendapat suplemen asam folat (vitamin B9) sebanyak 1 mg per hari. Asam folat dapat membantu sel darah merah untuk berkembang dengan baik.

Beberapa makanan yang kaya akan asam folat di antaranya:

  • Asparagus
  • Kacang tanah
  • Telur
  • Sayuran hijau
  • Buah bit

Baca Juga: Penyebab Hiperkalemia, Ketika Kadar Kalium dalam Darah Terlalu Tinggi

 

2. Vitamin D

Pengidap thalasemia dapat mengalami kekurangan vitamin D. Dalam tubuh, vitamin D dibutuhkan untuk membantu penyerapan kalsium dan menjaga daya tahan tubuh. Kekurangan vitamin D pada thalasemia dikaitkan dengan penurunan fungsi jantung, kelemahan otot, dan dapat menyebabkan tubuh rentan sakit karena thalasemia.

Rekomendasi asupan vitamin D harian adalah 400 IU per hari. Untuk mendapatkan asupan vitamin D yang cukup, Anda bisa mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya akan vitamin D seperti telur, susu yang difortifikasi dengan vitamin D, atau minyak ikan. Selain itu Anda juga bisa berjemur secara rutin setiap pagi untuk mendapatkan paparan sinar matahari yang berkhasiat mengaktivasi vitamin D dalam tubuh.

 

3. Kalsium

Selain vitamin D, pasien thalasemia juga perlu memenuhi kebutuhan kalsium harian. Asupan kalsium bisa didapatkan dari susu, yogurt, keju dan produk olahan susu lainnya. Untuk anak-anak usia 4-8 tahun dibutuhkan asupan kalsium sebanyak 800 mg/hari, usia 9-18 tahun 1300 mg/hari dan 19-50 tahun sekitar 1000 mg/hari.

 

4. Zink

Pengobatan yang dijalani pengidap thalasemia bisa membuat tubuh kehilangan beberapa mineral tertentu seperti zink. Oleh karena itu, mereka juga disarankan untuk mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya akan zink. Anda bisa memilih yogurt rendah lemak, kacang lentil, kacang mede, oatmeal, jarum shiitake, dark chocolate, dll.

 

Kebutuhan nutrisi penderita thalasemia sangat beragam, tergantung dari usia, kondisi kesehatan keseluruhan, keparahan penyakit yang dialami dan faktor lainnya. Konsultasikan ke ahli gizi mengenai kebutuhan nutrisi dan cara pemenuhannya sehari-hari. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 14 Mei 2023 | 18:03

CDC. Healthy Living with Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/thalassemia/living.html#

Thalassemia. Nutrition and Diet. Available from: https://thalassemia.com/nutrition-and-diet.aspx#gsc.tab=0

Thalassemia. Standard-of-Care Clinical Practice Guidelines (2012). Available from: https://thalassemia.com/treatment-guidelines-16.aspx#gsc.tab=0

Robinson, K. (2023). What Is Beta Thalassemia?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/beta-thalassemia-overview

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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