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Pemeriksaan Apa Saja yang Diperlukan untuk Mendiagnosis Thalassemia?

Pemeriksaan Apa Saja yang Diperlukan untuk Mendiagnosis Thalassemia?
Credit: Freepik

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Penyakit thalassemia adalah penyakit kelainan sel darah merah yang bisa diturunkan dari orang tua ke anak. Jika orang tua memiliki riwayat thalassemia, sebaiknya melakukan skrining pada anak untuk mengetahui apakah anak juga memiliki risiko thalassemia.

 

Apa Itu Thalassemia?

Thalassemia adalah penyakit kelainan darah yang bersifat genetik. Kelainan darah ini menyebabkan darah kekurangan hemoglobin. Hemoglobin adalah bagian dari sel darah merah yang bertugas mengangkut oksigen. Jika tubuh kekurangan hemoglobin, maka tubuh akan kekurangan oksigen sehingga Anda mudah lelah. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah anemia.

Pada thalassemia ringan, Anda mungkin tidak membutuhkan penanganan khusus. Namun jika thalassemia yang Anda alami cukup parah, kemungkinan Anda membutuhkan transfusi darah.

 

Baca Juga: Obat Pengencer Darah: Cara Kerja, Jenis dan Efek Samping

 

Pemeriksaan yang Dilakukan untuk Mendiagnosis Thalassemia

Penyakit thalassemia dapat dialami sejak anak masih bayi. Pada bayi yang berisiko mengalami thalassemia, Anda dapat melakukan tes prenatal selama kehamilan untuk melihat apakah si kecil memiliki risiko tersebut.

Tes Prenatal

Beberapa pemeriksaan yang bisa dilakukan untuk melihat risiko anak mengalami thalassemia, antara lain:

Pengambilan Sampling Vili Korionik

Dilansir dari NHS, salah satu tes yang bisa dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan thalassemia pada bayi adalah pengambilan sampel vili korionik. Pemeriksaan ini bisa dilakukan pada usia kehamilan 10-13 minggu.

Amniosentesis

Amniosentesis dilakukan dengan mengambil beberapa cairan ketuban dari dalam rahim. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi genetik dan cacat lahir pada bayi. Pemeriksaan ini bisa dilakukan pada usia kehamilan 15-20 minggu.

 

Baca Juga: Brittle Diabetes, Ketika Gula Darah Naik Turun dan Sulit Dikendalikan

Tes Postnatal

Selain pemeriksaan saat kehamilan, pemeriksaan thalassemia juga dapat dilakukan setelah bayi lahir atau ketika si kecil memasuki usia anak-anak. Beberapa pemeriksaan thlassemia yang bisa dilakukan, antara lain:

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Tes complete blood count (CBC) adalah pemeriksaan untuk mengukur jumlah hemoglobin dan berbagai jenis sel darah merah. Orang yang mengidap thalassemia memiliki jumlah sel darah merah dan hemoglobin lebih sedikit dari jumlah normal. Pengidap thalassemia juga memiliki bentuk sel darah merah yang lebih kecil dari bentuk normal.

Tes Retikulosit

Pemeriksaan retikulosit dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah retikulosit atau jumlah sel darah merah yang belum matang untuk memastikan sumsum tulang belakang berfungsi dengan baik dalam memproduksi sel darah merah.

Pada pengidap thalassemia, jumlah sel darah merah yang belum matang ini meningkat dan menandakan tubuh sedang mengalami anemia karena perdarahan.

Pemeriksaan zat besi

Pasien thalassemia rentan mengalami anemia, namun pada pengidap thalassemia kronis yang menerima transfusi darah biasanya mengalami kelebihan zat besi. Kondisi ini menyebabkan penumpukan zat besi pada setiap organ. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan zat besi pada organ.

Elektroferesis

Elektroferesis adalah pemeriksaan darah untuk memeriksa jenis hemoglobin dalam darah. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan gelombang elektrik untuk memisahkan hemoglobin normal dan abnormal dalam darah. Jumlah hemoglobin dalam aliran darah akan diukur untuk menunjukkan risiko penyakit yang dialami.

 

Pemeriksaan thalassemia dapat dilakukan di masa kehamilan atau sejak anak-anak menunjukkan risiko dan gejala thalassemia. Bila orang tua memiliki riwayat thalassemia dan anak menunjukkan gejala seperti gangguan pertumbuhan, mudah lelah, pucat, urine berwarna gelap sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Anda juga bisa mendapatkan informasi kesehatan melalui aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 9 Mei 2023 | 08:39

Mayo Clinic. Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355001#

Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY. Dianosing Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-thalassemias/diagnosing-thalassemias#

Cleveland Clinic. Thalassemias. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14508-thalassemias

WebMD. (2022). Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-thalassemia

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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