Hemofilia, Bisakah Disembuhkan?

Hemofilia, Bisakah Disembuhkan?
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Hemofilia adalah kelainan dalam sistem pembekuan darah yang mengakibatkan penderitanya mengalami perdarahan. Jika pengidap hemofilia mengalami luka, darah akan sulit membeku sehingga proses penyembuhan akan berlangsung lebih lama.

 

Penyebab Hemofilia

Pernahkah Anda mengamati bagaimana terjadinya proses penyembuhan luka? Ketika Anda mengalami luka berukuran kecil, perdarahan termasuk ringan dan dapat berhenti dengan sendirinya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh proses pembekuan darah yang berjalan normal.

Pada pengidap hemofilia, proses pembekuan darah tidak berjalan normal karena kekurangan salah satu protein yang merupakan salah satu faktor pembekuan darah (koagulasi). Akibatnya, jika pengidap hemofilia terkena luka, darah akan sulit kering. Apabila tidak ditangani serius maka penderita berisiko mengalami kehilangan darah yang membahayakan nyawa.

Kondisi kekurangan protein atau faktor pembekuan darah ini umumnya disebabkan oleh faktor genetik. Mutasi gen ini menyebabkan perubahan dalam protein sehingga faktor koagulasi tidak bekerja dengan baik atau bahkan tidak ada sama sekali. Sebagian besar pengidap hemofilia adalah laki-laki namun kondisi ini juga dapat dialami oleh perempuan.

Simak informasi tentang Mitos Minum Es saat Menstruasi Menyebabkan Pembekuan Darah di sini

Pengobatan Hemofilia

Hemofilia merupakan kelainan genetik sehingga kondisi ini sulit disembuhkan. Namun pengidap hemofilia dapat menjalani terapi yang membantu mengurangi gejala perdarahan dan memar yang sering muncul.

Terapi yang diberikan tergantung pada tingkat keparahan yang dialami seseorang. Apabila seseorang mengalami hemofilia ringan, kemungkinan ia membutuhkan terapi hanya ketika mengalami cedera atau sebagai persiapan operasi. Namun jika seseorang mengalami hemofilia sedang hingga berat, ia mungkin membutuhkan terapi secara rutin untuk mencegah perdarahan dan melindungi persendian dari kecacatan dan perubahan bentuk.

Dilansir dari NHS, pengobatan hemofilia dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan berikut:

1. Pengobatan pencegahan (profilaksis)

Untuk pencegahan, pengobatan hemofilia dapat diberikan dengan suntikan yang berisi konsentrat faktor koagulasi atau pembeku darah buatan. Senyawa ini diberikan dengan tujuan untuk menggantikan faktor pembeku darah yang minim. Suntikan ini dapat diberikan sejak anak-anak agar saat dewasa ia mampu melakukan perawatan secara mandiri.

Selain bergantung dari tingkat keparahan, pengobatan hemofilia juga tergantung jenis hemofilia yang dimiliki. Pada pengidap hemofilia tipe A akan diberikan obat bernama octocog alfa sedangkan pengidap hemofilia tipe B akan diberikan obat bernama nonacog alfa. Dosis dan jadwal pemberian obat akan disesuaikan dengan kondisi kesehatan pasien.

Beberapa efek samping yang dirasakan setelah pengobatan antara lain ruam dan gatal di kulit, kemerahan dan nyeri di bekas suntikan, sakit kepala, mual dan perubahan rasa di lidah.

2. Pengobaatan segera (on-demand)

Pengobatan segera diberikan untuk pengidap hemofilia tingkat ringan dan sedang. Pemberian obat hemofilia umumnya hanya diberikan ketika terjadi luka agar luka dapat berhenti secepat mungkin. Beberapa jenis obat yang biasa diberikan antara lain desmopressin atau antifibrinolitik. Efek samping yang mungkin dirasakan setelah mendapat obat tersebut antara lain sakit kepala, sakit perut, dan mual.

 

Meskipun pengobatan hemofilia tidak dapat menyembuhkan kondisi ini secara total, namun terapi ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi gejala perdarahan dan memar yang sering muncul. Selain menjalani pengobatan, pengidap hemofilia juga diharapkan dapat melakukan upaya pencegahan perdarahan dan melindungi persendian tubuh dengan berolahraga rutin serta menghindari penggunaan obat yang bersifat mengencerkan darah.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 11:55

CDC. What is Hemophilia. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html

WebMD. (2022). Understanding Hemophilia -- Diagnosis and Treatment. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-hemophilia-symptoms

 

NHS UK. Haemophilia. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/haemophilia/treatment/

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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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