Tanda-Tanda Tubuh Kekurangan Vitamin B12

Tanda-Tanda Tubuh Kekurangan Vitamin B12
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Vitamin B12 juga dikenal dengan nama lain, yaitu kobalamin. Ini adalah salah satu vitamin penting untuk fungsi tubuh yang sehat. Vitamin B12 adalah salah satu jenis vitamin B yang larut dalam air.

Vitamin B12 lebih banyak ditemukan di dalam sumber makanan hewani seperti daging, ikan, unggas, produk susu dan telur. Sehingga orang yang memiliki pola makan vegetarian, vegan, atau memiliki masalah penyerapan vitamin B12 berisiko kekurangan vitamin B12.

 

Dampak Kekurangan Vitamin B12

Ketika tubuh tidak mendapatkan cukup vitamin B12, maka tubuh bisa kekurangan vitamin ini. Dampak kekurangan vitamin B12 bisa negatif bagi tubuh, di antaranya:

  • Anemia megaloblastik - Anemia ini terjadi bila tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan sel darah merah yang sehat dan normal
  • Masalah neurologis - vitamin B12 penting untuk fungsi normal sistem saraf. Kekurangan jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf dan menyebabkan gejala seperti kesemutan dan mati rasa di tangan dan kaki, kelemahan otot, kesulitan berjalan, koordinasi yang buruk, gangguan memori, depresi, dan masalah kognitif
  • Gangguan pencernaan - seperti misalnya hilangnya nafsu makan, penurunan berat badan, diare, sembelit dan gangguan lambung
  • Risiko komplikasi kehamilan - seperti misalnya anemia, kelahiran prematur dan masalah perkembangan pada janin
  • Gangguan mental dan suasana hati - seperti depresi, kecemasan dan gangguan suasana hati

 

Baca Juga: Sering Kelelahan dan Mengantuk di Siang Hari, Inilah Penyebabnya

Tanda-Tanda Tubuh Kekurangan Vitamin B12

Seseorang yang mengalami kekurangan vitamin B12 biasanya menunjukkan tanda-tanda sebagai berikut:

  • Kesemutan di tangan dan kaki
  • Kaki mati rasa dan kaku saat berjalan
  • Kulit terlihat pucat atau kekuningan
  • Mudah merasa lelah
  • Denyut jantung cepat
  • Sesak napas atau kesulitan bernapas
  • Sering sariawan
  • Kesulitan berkonsentrasi atau mengingat sesuatu
  • Suasana hati mudah berubah dan tersinggung
  • Mual, muntah dan diare
  • Penurunan nafsu makan yang disertai penurunan berat badan

 

Baca Juga: Efek Samping Mengonsumsi Vitamin B12

Kapan Butuh Suplementasi Vitamin B12

Ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan kebutuhan akan suplementasi vitamin B12, di antaranya:

  • Bila Anda menjalani pola diet vegan atau vegetarian
  • Berusia di atas 50 tahun
  • Memiliki gangguan pencernaan seperti misalnya penyakit Celiac atau penyakit Crohn
  • Baru saja menjalani operasi saluran pencernaan
  • Memiliki mutasi genetik tertentu seperti MTHFR, MTRR dan CBS
  • Mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol secara teratur

 

Dosis Vitamin B12

Dosis kebutuhan harian vitamin B12 dapat bervariasi tergantung pada usia, kondisi kesehatan, dan kebutuhan individu. Berikut adalah rekomendasi dosis harian vitamin B12 yang direkomendasikan oleh National Institutes of Health:

  • Bayi baru lahir 0-6 bulan 0,4 mcg
  • Bayi berusia 7-12 bulan 0,5 mcg
  • Balita berusia 1-3 tahun 0,9 mcg
  • Anak berusia 4-8 tahun 1,2 mcg
  • Anak berusia 9-13 tahun 1,8 mcg
  • Remaja berusia 14-18 tahun 2,4 mcg
  • Remaja berusia 14-18 tahun yang sedang mengandung 2,6 mcg
  • Remaja berusia 14-18 tahun yang sedang menyusui 2,8 mcg
  • Orang dewasa 19 tahun atau lebih 2,4 mcg
  • Orang dewasa 19 tahun atau lebih yang sedang mengandung 2,6 mcg
  • Orang dewasa 19 tahun atau lebih yang sedang menyusui 2,8 mcg

 

Sebagian orang cukup mendapatkan asupan vitamin B12 dari makanan seperti tuna, hati sapi, telur, daging merah, ikan, dan lain sebagainya. Namun jika memiliki gejala kekurangan vitamin B12, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter terkait kebutuhan suplemen vitamin B12 dan dosis yang sesuai.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 4 Juli 2023 | 04:05

Lana Burgess (2019). What are the symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324265 

National Institutes of Health (2022). Vitamin B12. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/ 

Health Direct (2022). Vitamin B deficiency. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vitamin-b-deficiency 

Aniz Haris and Priyanka T. Bhattacharya (2023). Megaloblastic Anemia. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537254/ 

NHS UK (2023). Complications
-Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/complications/ 

Melissa Groves (2022). Vitamin B12 Dosage: How Much Should You Take per Day?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-b12-dosage#side-effects 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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