Jenis-Jenis Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Melalui Vaksin

Jenis-Jenis Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Melalui Vaksin
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Imunisasi melalui pemberian vaksin merupakan salah satu cara untuk melindungi diri dari penyakit tertentu. Pemberian vaksin juga diketahui efektif untuk menekan angka penularan penyakit menular berbahaya agar tidak terjadi wabah. Apa saja penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan pemberian vaksin? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Imunisasi?

Imunisasi adalah proses pembentukan kekebalan dalam tubuh agar seseorang dapat memiliki kekebalan terhadap penyakit tertentu. Berdasarkan cara mendapatkannya, imunisasi dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu:

  • Imunisasi pasif, dimana tubuh mendapatkan antibodi dari luar tubuh, misalnya kekebalan dari ibu hamil ke janin atau melalui suntikan imuniglobin
  • Imunisasi aktif, didapatkan melalui pemberian vaksin baik suntikan maupun tetes

Vaksin yang berisi virus atau bakteri yang tidak aktif atau dilemahkan akan memicu sistem pertahanan tubuh membentuk kekebalan tubuh tehadap serangan infeksi dari virus atau bakteri tersebut.

Ketika suatu saat tubuh terpapar penyakit tersebut, sistem kekebalan tubuh akan bekerja sehingga seseorang dapat terhindar dari penyakit atau mengurangi keparahan akibat infeksi tersebut.

 

Jenis-Jenis Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Melalui Pemberian Vaksin

Imunisasi dengan vaksin adalah cara efektif untuk mencegah infeksi dan penularan penyakit berbahaya. Beberapa jenis penyakit yang dapat dicegah melalui vaksin di antaranya adalah:

1. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B adalah peradangan pada organ hati akibat virus hepatitis B. Infeksi virus hepatitis B merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan hati termasuk sirosis dan kanker hati.

Virus hepatitis B dapat menyerang segala usia mulai dari bayi hingga anak-anak. Untuk itu vaksin hepatitis perlu diberikan sejak bayi baru lahir sebelum berumur 24 jam. Selain pada anak-anak, vaksin hepatitis juga dapat diberikan pada orang dewasa dan lansia.

2. Tuberkulosis

Tuberkulosis (TBC) adalah penyakit infeksi serius yang menyerang paru-paru dan organ lainnya seperti otak, tulang, persendian dan ginjal. Pada orang dengan daya tahan tubuh yang baik, sistem kekebalan tubuh dapat melawan infeksi dan penyakit tersebut.

Namun pada beberapa orang, bakteri TB dapat tetap hidup dalam tubuh. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan TB laten. Sebagai langkah pencegahan penularan TBC, pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan vaksin BCG ke dalam daftar imunisasi wajib.

3. Difteri, Pertusis, Tetanus

Difteri dan pertusis adalah penyakit akibat bakteri yang dapat menyerang sistem pernapasan, paru-paru dan organ lainnya. Sedangkan tetanus adalah penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri yang menyerang saraf, mengakibatkan otot menjadi kaku dan tegang.

Untuk mencegah penularan ketiga penyakit tersebut, Anda dapat melakukan vaksin DPT yang bisa diberikan pada usia 2, 4, 6 bulan, antara 18-24 bulan dan terakhir pada usia 5 tahun.

4. Campak

Campak adalah penyakit infeksi menular yang mudah ditularkan lewat kontak langsung dan udara. Campak dapat menginfeksi saluran pernapasan lalu menyebar ke seluruh tubuh. Pemberian vaksin MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) dapat membantu mengurangi penularan penyakit campak. 

Vaksin MMR dapat diberikan pada usia 9 bulan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian booster pada usia 18 bulan dan dosis ketiga pada usia 6-7 tahun.

5. Polio

Polio adalah penyakit yang menyerang saraf dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan permanen. Pemberian vaksin polio dapat menekan angka penularan polio hingga 99%. Vaksin polio dapat diberikan sejak lahir hingga 1 bulan, kemudian di usia 2, 3, dan 4 bulan.

6. Covid-19

Di tengah mewabahnya virus Covid-19, Anda perlu mendapatkan vaksin Covid-19 sebagai upaya pencegahan dan perlindungan diri dari keparahan infeksi tersebut. Pemberian vaksin Covid-19 mampu mengurangi risiko rawat inap dan kematian akibat infeksi Covid-19.

Saat ini di Indonesia vaksin Covid-19 tersedia untuk anak-anak usia 6 tahun ke atas hingga lansia. Vaksin Covid-19 juga aman diberikan bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui.

 

Pemberian vaksin merupakan salah satu cara efektif untuk membangun kekebalan tubuh terhadap penyakit menular yang berbahaya. Pastikan Anda memenuhi jadwal vaksinasi wajib untuk anak-anak sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit. Untuk mengetahui jadwal dan dosis pemberian vaksin, sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau tenaga kesehatan di lokasi penyelenggara vaksin terdekat.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 01:58

Promkes Kemkes. (2018) Inilah Daftar Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah dengan Imunisasi dan Jadwal Imunisasi Rutin. Available from: https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/?p=8989

Kemkes. (2021). https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/21081200002/studi-terbaru-vaksin-covid-19-efektif-mencegah-perawatan-dan-kematian.html

NHS. Hepatitis B Vacine Overview. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/hepatitis-b-vaccine/

NHS. BCG Vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB) Overview. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/bcg-tuberculosis-tb-vaccine/

Kids Health. Your Child's Immunizations: Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis Vaccine (DTaP). Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dtap-vaccine.html

CDC. Polio Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html

 

NHS. MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/

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    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.68msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 4446, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-11 06:51:19', '2025-04-11 06:51:19')
      Bindings
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      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 4446
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-11 06:51:19
      • 8: 2025-04-11 06:51:19
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 18 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 18
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7874 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7874
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8322 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8322
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2164 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2164
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7903 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7903
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2199 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2199
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4065 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4065
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 676 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 676
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8542
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8458 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8459 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    7Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
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