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Mengenal Delirium, Gangguan Kesadaran pada Pasien Covid-19 Lansia

Mengenal Delirium, Gangguan Kesadaran pada Pasien Covid-19 Lansia

Bagikan :


Infeksi Covid-19 bukan hanya memengaruhi fisik pasien. Salah satu kondisi yang banyak dialami pasien Covid-19 adalah delirium, yaitu gangguan kesadaran, penurunan kemampuan kognitif dan persepsi. Seperti apa kondisi delirium pada pasien Covid-19?

 

Mengenal delirium akibat infeksi Covid-19

Secara umum, delirium dapat diartikan dengan penurunan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan sekitar akibat efek penyakit tertentu. Gangguan delirium ditandai dengan beberapa ciri, yaitu gangguan kesadaran hingga koma, gangguan kognitif,  disorientasi tidak bisa membedakan realita dan khayalan, gangguan emosi, dan kecemasan hingga gangguan tidur.

 

Pada pasien Covid-19, gejala delirium dialami bisa berubah-ubah dan masing-masing pasien bisa mengalami dua hingga tiga gejala delirium. Beberapa tanda delirium sering tidak terdeteksi di awal karena pasien umumnya berada di bawah obat penenang yang memiliki efek menenangkan.

 

Namun secara umum, dua jenis delirium yang banyak dijumpai pada pasien Covid-19 adalah delirium hiperaktif dan delirium hipoaktif. Delirium hiperaktif umumnya membuat pasien menjadi gelisah dan berhalusinasi, sedangkan delirium hipoaktif umumnya ditandai dengan pasien sering mengantuk dan respon lambat. Gejala delirium umumnya dialami oleh pasien lansia atau berusia 65 tahun ke atas.

 

Hubungan antara Covid-19 dengan delirium

Munculnya delirium umumnya disertai dengan gejala Covid-19 lainnya seperti hilangnya kemampuan membau dan merasa, sakit kepala, batuk, demam dan sesak napas. Sebuah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa Covid-19 dapat memengaruhi sistem saraf pusat sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan neurokognitif seperti sakit kepala dan delirium.

 

Para ahli menduga kondisi ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, pertama adalah kurangnya pasokan oksigen ke otak. Saat virus menyerang paru-paru, tubuh akan kekurangan oksigen sehingga fungsi otak terganggu. Salah satu akibtanya, kemampuan kognitif dan mental ikut terganggu.

 

Penyebab lain adalah adanya serangan virus ke otak yang menyababkan peradangan jaringan otak akibat badai sitokin, dan yang ketiga adalah virus Covid-19 membuat darah kental sehingga mengganggu aliran darah menuju otak.

 

Ciri-ciri seseorang mengalami delirium

Gejala delirium seringkali muncul tidak khas. Orang yang mengalami delirium dapat menunjukkan gejala ini selama beberapa jam saja, namun bisa juga berlangsung selama beberapa hari. Beberapa tanda delirium pada pasien Covid-19 di antaranya:

- Fokus bicara mudah teralihkan dan sering melamun

- Kesulitan bicara dan mengingat kata-kata, bicara bertele-tele, sulit memahami pembicaraan dan bacaan

- Gelisah, mudah tersinggung, perubahan kepribadian

- Sering berhalusinasi, pergerakan tubuh melambat

 

Mengatasi delirium pada pasien Covid-19

Pada pasien Covid-19, pengobatan delirium difokuskan pada menangani gejala yang timbul. Bagi penderita delirium yang mengalami rasa cemas, takut dan halusinasi akan diberikan obat penenang untuk mencegah pasien melakukan tindakan yang berbahaya.

 

Pada pasien yang mengalami disorientasi waktu dan orang di sekeliling pasien, akan diberikan terapi tambahan pengenalan ruang dan waktu. Jika dibutuhkan, pasien bisa ditempatkan di ruangan khusus untuk membantu kesembuhannya.

 

Sedangkan pada pasien Covid-19 yang mengalami pengentalan darah, akan diberikan obat-obatan untuk meredakan gejala tersebut. Namun jika pasien tidak mengalami pengentalan darah, dokter akan fokus menangani infeksi yang akan mengurangi keparahan delirium.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited by: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 08-Jun-2021

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2455 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new760μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new600μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-16 18:41:52GET/covid-19/delirium-covid-19-lansia2102531