3 Cara Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis (TB)

3 Cara Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis (TB)

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Sejak pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1882, hingga kini tuberkulosis menjadi penyakit infeksi yang mendapat perhatian serius. Di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia, TB masih menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi akibat penyakit infeksi selain HIV/AIDS. 

Penyakit TB juga dapat terjadi pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Baca selengkapnya di sini.

Penyakit TB disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bakteri ini dapat menyebar ketika penderita TB mengeluarkan dahak, air liur yang terkontaminasi bakteri tersebut ke udara saat batuk, bersin, bicara atau meludah. Orang yang kontak erat dengan pasien TB berisiko tinggi tertular TB, sehingga perlu mengetahui bagaimana cara pencegahan TB yang efektif.

 

Cara pencegahan penularan TB

Ketika seseorang menghirup udara yang mengandung bakteri TB, bakteri tidak segera menginfeksi dan menunjukkan gejala. Kondisi yang dikenal dengan tahapan TB laten ini tidak dapat menularkan bakteri ke orang lain. Namun, saat daya tahan tubuh menurun, bakteri TB dapat aktif menginfeksi dan mulai menunjukkan gejala. Pada tahapan TB aktif ini seseorang dapat menularkan bakteri pada orang lain.

Penularan bakteri melalui udara menyebabkan orang yang berada di tempat publik bersama pengidap TB memiliki risiko tinggi dalam penularan TB. Beberapa cara pencegahan TB, antara lain:

1. Melakukan vaksinasi BCG

Salah satu cara melindungi diri dari keparahan infeksi TB adalah dengan mendapat vaksinasi BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Vaksin ini merupakan salah satu jenis vaksin yang wajib diberikan pada anak mulai dari si kecil baru lahir hingga berusia 1 bulan. Selain anak-anak, vaksin BCG juga dapat diberikan untuk orang dewasa terutama yang berisiko tinggi terpapar TB di tempat kerja seperti petugas laboratorium atau perawat dan peneliti yang menangani penyakit TB.

2. Menggunakan masker di tempat umum

Memakai masker termasuk salah satu cara efektif untuk mencegah penularan TB terutama ketika berada di tempat umum yang ramai. Anda juga dianjurkan untuk menggunakan masker ketika berinteraksi dengan penderita TB, termasuk ketika berada dalam satu ruangan yang sama dengan penderita TB.

3. Disiplin menjalani pengobatan dan mencegah penularan bagi penderita TB aktif

Apabila Anda merupakan penderita TB yang sedang menjalani pengobatan, dalam 2 bulan pertama Anda masih dapat menularkan bakteri meskipun gejala yang dirasakan sudah mereda. Untuk itu, selain tetap disiplin menjalani pengobatan, Anda dianjurkan melakukan upaya pencegahan berupa:

  • Rajin mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun
  • Hindari meludah atau membuang dahak sembarangan
  • Tutup mulut saat bersin dan batuk
  • Gunakan masker
  • Pastikan rumah memiliki sirkulasi udara yang baik
  • Jangan tidur sekamar dengan orang lain hingga dokter menyatakan bahwa TB Anda sudah tidak menular

 

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit serius dan dapat bersifat mematikan. Namun ,dengan pemeriksaan dini dan pencegahan yang tepat, Anda dapat menjaga diri dari infeksi TB. Selain melakukan upaya pencegahan seperti tips di atas, Anda juga dianjurkan untuk menerapkan upaya hidup sehat agar sistem kekebalan tubuh mampu melindungi diri dari TB.

 

Baca selengkapnya mengenai penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) di sini. Anda juga bisa temukan lebih banyak artikel mengenai penyakit pada laman ini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 12:13

CDC. (2016). TB Prevention. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/tbprevention.htm

CDC. (2016). Tuberculosis Facts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/prevention_eng.htm

WebMD. (2020). Tuberculosis Prevention: What to Know. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/tuberculosis-prevention

CDC. (2016). TB Risk Factors. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/risk.htm#

PADK Kemkes. (2018). Pencegahan Tuberkulosis TBC (Tuberkulosis). Available from: http://www.padk.kemkes.go.id/health/read/2019/03/25/6/pencegahan-tuberkulosis-tbc-tuberkulosis.html#

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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