Mengenal TB Tulang, Seperti Apa Gejalanya?

Mengenal TB Tulang, Seperti Apa Gejalanya?
Credits: Freepik. Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang cukup serius.

Bagikan :


Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang cukup serius. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh bakteri yang disebut Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yang menyebar melalui droplets yang dilepaskan ke udara saat batuk maupun bersin.

Secara umum, tuberkulosis lebih banyak memengaruhi paru-paru yang disebut TB paru. Namun dalam beberapa kondisi, TB juga dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain yang dikenal dengan istilah TB ekstra paru.

 

Apa itu TB Tulang?

Sebelumnya sempat disebutkan bahwa ada jenis TB yang menyebar ke area tubuh lain, selain paru-paru. TB juga dapat menyebar ke tulang, yang kemudian dikenal dengan istilah TB tulang.

TB tulang ini memengaruhi sistem rangka, yaitu tulang dan sendi. Jenis yang paling umum adalah TB tulang belakang, di mana infeksi Mycobacterium menyebar hingga ke sumsum tulang belakang. TB tulang belakang juga disebut penyakit Pott, yang sering terjadi di negara berkembang.

 

Penyebab TB Tulang

Seperti jenis infeksi TB lainnya, TB tulang juga disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Namun, studi menunjukkan bahwa TB tulang ini mungkin tidak disebarkan melalui udara. Infeksinya dapat menyebar melalui kontak darah dengan orang yang terinfeksi TB, atau dari cairan tubuh dan nanah.

TB tulang juga mungkin disebabkan oleh TB paru, yang kemudian menyebar dari paru-paru ke tulang, tulang belakang, dan persendian melalui pembuluh darah. TB tulang seringkali menyerang orang dengan sistem kekebalan rendah, seperti misalnya orang dengan HIV/AIDS.

Selain itu, beberapa orang dengan kondisi kekebalan tubuh yang lemah berikut juga sangat berisiko terinfeksi TB, di antaranya:

  • Diabetes
  • Penyakit ginjal parah
  • Sedang menjalani pengobatan kanker
  • Memiliki berat badan kurang atau malnutrisi

 

Gejala TB Tulang

TB tulang sangat sulit didiagnosis karena seringkali infeksinya tidak disertai dengan gejala apapun hingga infeksi berkembang menjadi parah. Gejala yang berkembang pada TB tulang di antaranya:

  • Nyeri hebat pada punggung
  • Peradangan pada tulang belakang dan persendian
  • Kekakuan sendi
  • Kesulitan bergerak atau berjalan (khususnya pada anak-anak)
  • Abses tulang belakang
  • Peradangan jaringan lunak
  • Gangguan saraf
  • TB terkait meningitis
  • Kelemahan otot
  • Kelumpuhan dari pinggang hingga ke bagian tubuh bawah
  • Bungkuk
  • Perubahan bentuk tulang belakang 

 

Berbahayakah TB Tulang bagi Tubuh?

Tanpa perawatan yang benar, TB tulang dapat berkembang menjadi kondisi yang mematikan. Perawatan dan pengobatan sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah kerusakan yang semakin besar pada tulang.

Orang dengan TB tulang biasanya akan diberi pengobatan OAT (obat anti TB) dan kortikosteroid yang mencegah komplikasi dan peradangan, serta mungkin pembedahan untuk mengangkat bagian tulang yang terinfeksi.

Pengobatan terhadap TB tulang bisa berjalan cukup lama, 6-18 bulan. Namun dengan pengobatan yang disiplin, TB tulang dapat disembuhkan dan tidak sampai menyebabkan kematian.

Tanpa pengobatan atau pengobatan yang tidak disiplin, TB dapat menyebabkan kematian dan berisiko menular ke orang-orang terdekat. Untuk mencegah penularan TB, segera periksakan diri ke fasilitas terdekat dan disiplinkan diri dalam menjalani pengobatan agar infeksi bakteri benar-benar dapat disembuhkan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 23:12

Alex Snyder (2018). Bone Tuberculosis. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bone-tuberculosis

Mayo Clinic (2021). Tuberculosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250

WebMD (2020). Tuberculosis (TB). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basics

 

WebMD (2021). What Is Skeletal Tuberculosis?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-skeletal-tuberculosis

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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