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Mengenal Phantosmia, Ketika Indra Penciuman Mengalami Halusinasi

Mengenal Phantosmia, Ketika Indra Penciuman Mengalami Halusinasi
Ilustrasi penderita phantosmia sedang mencium bau busuk. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Pernahkah Anda membayangkan jika Anda tiba-tiba dapat mencium sesuatu yang sebenarnya tidak ada? Kondisi ini benar-benar dapat terjadi dan dikenal dengan istilah phantosmia atau disebut juga halusinasi penciuman. Apa penyebab phantosmia dan bagaimana cara mengatasinya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Phantosmia?

Phantosmia adalah kondisi dimana Anda mencium aroma yang sebenarnya tidak ada di sekitar Anda. Ketika ini terjadi, situasi ini juga dikenal dengan istilah halusinasi olfaktori.

Aroma yang tercium dapat bervariasi antar satu orang dengan orang yang lain, namun umumnya bau yang muncul adalah bau tidak sedap seperti bau asap rokok, bau amonia, bau karet terbakar, asap rokok, atau sesuatu yang busuk. 

Bau ini dapat tercium pada satu lubang hidung atau keduanya. Aroma tidak sedap yang tercium umumnya datang dan pergi, namun ada juga yang menetap selama beberapa lama. 

Baca Juga: Selain Anosmia, Ini Gangguan Penciuman yang Perlu Diketahui

 

Penyebab Phantosmia

Mengalami phantosmia dapat menjadi hal yang mengganggu aktivitas Anda sehari-hari. Sebagian besar kondisi ini disebabkan oleh adanya masalah pada rongga sinus atau infeksi saluran pernapasan atas seperti flu dan pilek. Dilansir dari Healthline, beberapa penyebab phantosmia antara lain:

  • Radang sinus
  • Polip hidung
  • Tumor otak
  • Epilepsi
  • Depresi
  • Penyakit parkinson
  • Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas
  • Masalah gigi
  • Paparan neurotoksin
  • Perawatan radiasi untuk kanker tenggorokan atau otak

Selain penyebab di atas, phantosmia juga dapat disebabkan oleh masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti:

  • Cedera kepala
  • Stroke
  • Neuroblastoma

Pada beberapa kasus, phantosmia dapat berasal dari sumber bau yang tidak biasa, seperti bau dari beberapa hal berikut:

  • Ventilasi yang kotor di sekeliling Anda
  • Aroma deterjen pakaian 
  • Aroma peralatan tidur baru, terutama kasur
  • Aroma kosmetik baru seperti sabun mandi, sampo dan perawatan tubuh lainnya

Ketika Anda mencium aroma baru, coba kenali dari mana sumber aroma tersebut berasal. Mengenali sumber aroma asing dapat membantu mengatasi phantosmia yang Anda alami.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Anosmia, Gangguan Indra Penciuman yang Menjadi Gejala Covid-19

 

Bagaimana Mendiagnosis Phantosmia?

Untuk mendiagnosis pasien yang diduga mengalami phantosmia, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik yang fokus pada hidung, telinga, kepala dan leher. Dokter juga akan menanyakan gejala lain yang Anda alami dan melakukan tes untuk memeriksa indra lainnya.

Dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan endoskopi atau rhinoskopi jika dokter mencurigai ada gangguan yang berhubungan dengan hidung. Bila pemeriksaan ini tidak menunjukkan penyebab spesifik, dokter akan merekomendasikan pemeriksaan MRI atau CT scan untuk memeriksa kelainan pada anatomi hidung, otak atau sistem saraf.

Dokter juga dapat melakukan pemeriksaan elektroensefalografi untuk mengukur aktivitas listrik di otak. Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada masalah dengan otak.

 

Penanganan Phantosmia

Penanganan phantosmia bergantung pada penyebabnya. Jika phantosmia disebabkan oleh pilek, alergi atau infeksi, kondisi ini akan mereda segera setelah Anda pulih.

Apabila phantosmia disebabkan oleh gangguan saraf, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. Jika gangguan saraf disebabkan oleh tumor atau kanker yang berkembang dari sel saraf (neuroblastoma), maka dokter akan merekomendasikan terapi dan pengobatan yang efektif untuk mengatasi kondisi tersebut.

Pada kasus lain yang lebih ringan, phantosmia juga dapat diatasi dengan beberapa pengobatan seperti:

  • Membilas saluran hidung dengan larutan garam
  • Menyemprot hidung dengan oxymetazoline untuk mengatasi hidung tersumbat
  • Menggunakan semprotan anestesi untuk mematikan saraf

 

Phantosmia membuat Anda mendeteksi bau yang sebenarnya tidak ada. Kondisi ini bisa disebabkan oleh alergi, pilek dan infeksi saluran pernapasan atas atau masalah yang lebih serius seperti epilepsi, stroke hingga penyakit Alzheimer. Jika kondisi ini berlangsung selama lebih dari beberapa minggu sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Anda juga dapat menggunakan fitur konsultasi yang tersedia pada aplikasi Ai Care yang dapat diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 31 Agustus 2023 | 04:09

Mayo Clinic. Phantosmia: What causes olfactory hallucinations?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/expert-answers/phantosmia/faq-20058131

Wells, D. (2019). Phantosmia. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/phantosmia

Johnson J. (2023). Phantosmia: What causes olfactory hallucinations?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322698

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6771 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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