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  • Selain Anosmia, Ini Gangguan Penciuman yang Perlu Diketahui

Selain Anosmia, Ini Gangguan Penciuman yang Perlu Diketahui

Selain Anosmia, Ini Gangguan Penciuman yang Perlu Diketahui
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Indra penciuman adalah salah satu indra terpenting yang dimiliki manusia. Dengan adanya indra penciuman, Anda dapat menghirup bau di sekitar dan mendeteksi jika ada aroma tanda bahaya di sekitar. Ketika ada masalah dengan indra penciuman, Anda tidak akan dapat membau dengan baik. Lantas, apa saja gangguan indra penciuman yang bisa terjadi?

 

Penyebab Gangguan Penciuman

Gangguan penciuman adalah ketidakmampuan untuk membau aroma di sekitar dengan baik. Kondisi ini termasuk dalam ketidakmampuan secara total maupun secara parsial dalam membau. Gangguan penciuman dapat menjadi beberapa gejala penyakit tertentu seperti Covid-19 atau kondisi lainnya. Masalah penciuman ini juga dapat berlangsung secara sementara atau permanen.

Gangguan ini biasanya disebabkan oleh adanya masalah pada saraf olfaktori yang bertugas mengatur aroma yang terhirup hidung Anda. Penyebab gangguan penciuman dapat bervariasi, mulai dari gangguan kesehatan sederhana seperti alergi, infeksi virus influenza, pilek atau demam hay.

Selain itu gangguan penciuman juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor usia seperti demensia, gangguan saraf, adanya tumor pada otak, cedera kepala, sinusitis dan gangguan hormon.

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Anosmia, Gangguan Indra Penciuman yang Menjadi Gejala Covid-19

 

Jenis-Jenis Gangguan Penciuman

Anosmia

Istilah anosmia berarti kehilangan kemampuan membau secara total. Orang yang mengalami anosmia tidak dapat mencium aroma apa pun.

Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, di antaranya flu, pilek, infeksi Covid-19, sinusitis, dan alergi. Anosmia juga dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi permanen seperti deviasi septum, yaitu kondisi ketika dinding tipis yang membatasi kedua lubang hidung tidak tepat berada di tengah.

Untuk anosmia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri maka pengobatan dengan antibiotik dapat meredakan gejala anosmia. Namun apabila anosmia disebabkan oleh polip pada hidung atau adanya sumbatan lain, dokter akan merekomendasikan tindakan operasi.

 

Baca Juga: Bukan Hanya karena Covid-19, Inilah Penyebab Anosmia Lainnya

 

Parosmia

Parosmia adalah kondisi dimana indra penciuman Anda mengalami distorsi sehingga salah mengenali bau. Dalam kondisi ini, seseorang masih dapat mengenali bau, hanya saja salah mengenali aromanya. Misalnya seseorang dapat mencium aroma wewangian yang harum namun indra penciuman mendeteksinya sebagai aroma tidak sedap.

Beberapa penyebab parosmia antara lain sinusitis akut, cedera kepala, flu, pengaruh obat-obatan yang sedang dikonsumsi, paparan zat kimia dan mulut kering (xerostomia).

 

Hyposmia

Hyposmia adalah gangguan penciuman yang menyebabkan menurunnya kemampuan hidung dalam mendeteksi bau. Hyposmia dapat membingungkan bagi penderitanya, namun dapat mengindikasikan kondisi yang lebih serius.

Beberapa penyakit yang sering dikaitkan dengan kondisi hyposmia antara lain penyakit Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, dan penyakit Alzheimer. Selain itu kondisi ini juga sering dikaitkan dengan diabetes, kegemukan, tekanan darah tinggi dan kekurangan nutrisi.

 

Phantosmia

Berbeda dengan gangguan penciuman lainnya, phantosmia membuat penderitanya mengalami halusinasi terhadap aroma yang sebenarnya tidak ada. Misalnya, Anda menciuma aroma tajam yang sebenarnya tidak ada pemicu aroma tersebut di sekitar Anda. Aroma tajam ini dapat datang dan pergi atau menetap dalam jangka waktu lama.

Phantosmia dapat disebabkan oleh cedera kepala atau infeksi saluran pernapasan atas. Kondisi ini juga dapat dipicu oleh penuaan, trauma, tumor otak dan pengaruh obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi.

 

Gangguan penciuman tentu mengganggu aktivitas Anda sehari-hari. Beberapa gangguan penciuman bersifat sementara dan hilang dalam hitungan minggu. Namun gangguan penciuman juga dapat mengindikasikan penyakit ringan hingga serius. Apabila Anda mengalami gangguan penciuman yang tidak kunjung pulih sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:06

Kahn, A. (2019). Impaired Smell. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/smell-impaired

Cafasso, J. (2019). What is Anosmia?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/anosmia#complications

Marks, H. (2021). What Is Anosmia?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/anosmia-loss-of-smell

Dresden, D. (2019). Hyposmia: Why do people lose their sense of smell?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318461

Cleveland Clinic. Parosmia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23986-parosmia

 

Mayo Clinic. Phantosmia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/expert-answers/phantosmia/faq-20058131

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 450 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.35msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7561 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • 0: 10012
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5502
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1864
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8292
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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