Ketombe: Ketahui Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

Ketombe: Ketahui Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

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Ketika mendengar istilah ketombe, apa yang pertama kali terlintas di benak Anda?

Seperti yang selama ini diketahui, ketombe berbentuk serpihan putih yang ada di kulit kepala rambut. Tetapi, sebenarnya ketombe tidak selalu berbentuk serpihan dan memiliki penyebab lain yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan. 

Dilansir Healthline, ketombe punya beberapa tipe yang berbeda. Masing-masing memiliki penyebab tersendiri serta cara mengatasi yang berbeda-beda. Berikut penjelasannya:

Ketombe karena kulit kering

Ketombe ini muncul karena kulit kepala yang kering. Penyebabnya bisa cuaca yang dingin, yang memicu kulit kepala kehilangan kelembabannya, atau terlalu sering mandi air hangat.

Saat kulit kepala kering, ia mudah mengalami iritasi dan kulit kepala luruh menjadi kepingan-kepingan kecil berwarna putih, inilah jenis ketombe yang paling sering Anda lihat.

Tak hanya itu, iritasi juga menyebabkan kulit kepala terasa gatal, semakin Anda menggaruknya maka akan semakin banyak serpihan kecil yang keluar.

Ketombe karena kulit berminyak

Sering disebut juga sebagai ketombe basah, dihasilkan oleh kelenjar keringat yang menghasilkan terlalu banyak minyak, menyebabkan rambut jadi berminyak, lepek, gatal dan memicu iritasi.

Pada jenis ketombe basah ini, serpihan kulit yang luruh ukurannya lebih lebar, warnanya cenderung kuning, dan juga berminyak.

Ketombe karena serangan jamur

Malassezia, adalah jenis jamur yang seringkali ditemukan di kulit manusia. Pada beberapa orang, jamur ini dapat memicu peradangan yang dapat menyebabkan produksi ketombe atau eksim.

Ketombe karena penyakit tertentu

Beberapa penyakit seperti psoriasis, eksim, dan dermatitis seboroik dapat mempengaruhi kulit kepala dan menyebabkan ketombe.

Pada kasus psoriasis, ketombe muncul seperti serbuk perak yang disertai kemerahan, peradangan dan kulit bersisik. Sedangkan pada kasus eksim, ketombe yang muncul ukurannya cenderung lebar, disertai kulit kemerahan dan iritasi. Kasus dermatitis seboroik sendiri lebih sering dialami mereka yang jenis kulitnya berminyak. Selain serpihan, juga ditemukan bercak merah bersisik dan gatal di kulit kepala.

Apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi ketombe?

Dilansir Mayoclinic, ada beberapa hal yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk mengatasi ketombe.

Mengurangi stres

Stres dapat mempengaruhi segala aspek kesehatan, termasuk kondisi kulit kepala. Stres juga dapat menambah kondisi yang Anda alami semakin parah, misalnya jika Anda mengalami kerontokan rambut atau rambut berketombe, ketika Anda stres, Anda akan menemukan rambut yang rontok dan serpihan kulit kepala akan semakin banyak.

Cukupi kebutuhan nutrisi

Cukupi kebutuhan seng dan vitamin B untuk mencegah ketombe, kulit kepala yang sehat akan terhindar dari masalah rambut rontok dan rambut berketombe.

Gunakan sampo sesuai kebutuhan

Ada beberapa jenis sampo yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk mengatasi problem ketombe.

Sampo dengan kandungan Pyrithione zinc: sampo ini mengandung antibakteri dan anti jamur

Sampo berbasis tar: kandungan tar di dalam sampo akan membantu memperlambat pengelupasan sel-sel kulit mati. Sayangnya kandungan tersebut dapat memicu kulit sensitif terhadap sinar matahari dan menyebabkan warna rambut pudar

Sampo dengan kandungan salicylic acid: zat ini dapat membantu menghilangkan kerak di kulit kepala

Sampo dengan kandungan selenium sulfide: kandungan anti jamurnya akan membantu mengatasi ketombe. Bila Anda menggunakan sampo dengan kandungan ini, segera bilas sampo sampai bersih agar tidak mengubah warna rambut dan kulit kepala

Sampo dengan kandungan ketoconazole: sampo ini ampuh mengurangi ketombe yang disebabkan oleh jamur di kulit kepala

Berjemurlah

Sinar matahari selain baik untuk kulit tubuh juga baik untuk kulit kepala dalam mengontrol ketombe. Namun, jangan lupa menggunakan tabir surya selama Anda berjemur, ya.

Kurangi penggunaan produk hair styling

Entah itu pomade, hairspray, atau styling gel, harus Anda kurangi pemakaiannya mulai sekarang. Semua produk tersebut bisa memicu penimbunan minyak dan kotoran yang menyebabkan ketombe.

 

Writer: Agatha

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 27-Sep-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Mayo Clinic. Dandruff (2019). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353854.
  2. Marcin A. Dandruff: What Your Itchy Scalp Is Trying to Tell You (2019). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dandruff-itchy-scalp.
  3. Roland J. What Type of Dandruff Is Causing Your Flaky Scalp? (2021). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-dandruff.
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4130 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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