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Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas yang Paling Umum Dialami dan Cara Pencegahannya

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas yang Paling Umum Dialami dan Cara Pencegahannya
Credits: Freepik

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Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas adalah penyakit yang paling umum dialami sepanjang tahun, baik pada musim dingin atau pergantian musim. Infeksi ini bisa disebabkan oleh bakteri maupun virus yang menyerang berbagai area di saluran pernapasan atas termasuk hidung, tenggorokan, sinus dan pita suara (laring).

Gejala infeksi saluran pernapasan atas tergantung pada area mana infeksi menyerang. Kenali gejala dan jenis infeksi saluran pernapasan atas yang paling sering dialami serta cara mencegahnya.

 

Jenis Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas

Rhinitis

Rhinitis adalah peradangan pada lapisan rongga hidung. Rhinitis dikategorikan menjadi dua, yaitu yang dipicu oleh alergen dan yang terjadi akibat paparan virus.

Rhinitis yang disebabkan oleh virus bisa menginfeksi siapa saja, baik anak-anak maupun dewasa. Namun, penyakit ini lebih sering ditemukan pada orang dewasa di atas usia 20 tahun.

Rhinitis biasanya ditandai dengan hidung tersumbat, hidung berair, bersin-bersin, adanya lendir di tenggorokan dan batuk. Tanpa pengobatan, rhinitis dapat berkembang menjadi sinusitis dan polip hidung.

Faringitis

Faringitis adalah peradangan di bagian belakang tenggorokan (faring) yang juga lebih dikenal dengan istilah sakit tenggorokan. Sakit tenggorokan biasanya disertai dengan rasa nyeri dan gatal di bagian tenggorokan, dan rasa sakit saat menelan atau berbicara.

Saat sedang sakit tenggorokan, Anda disarankan untuk minum minuman yang hangat, menggunakan pelembap ruangan seperti humidifier, mengistirahatkan tenggorokan dan tidur yang cukup.

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Perbedaan Flu dan Pilek dari Gejalanya

 

Tonsilitis

Tonsilitis adalah adanya peradangan pada amandel, di mana kuman yang masuk ke dalam rongga mulut terjebak dan menyebabkan infeksi di saluran pernapasan atas. Radang amandel ini biasanya disertai dengan gejala seperti amandel yang berwarna putih, nyeri saat menelan, sakit kepala, kehilangan nafsu makan, nyeri di telinga, kesulitan menelan, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, demam, bau mulut tidak sedap, suara serak dan leher yang kaku.

Laringitis

Laringitis adalah peradangan pada kotak suara (laring) akibat penggunaan berlebihan, iritasi atau adanya infeksi. Laringitis biasanya disertai dengan gejala seperti suara serak, suara yang lemah atau kehilangan suara, sensasi seperti ada yang bergerak di tenggorokan, sakit tenggorokan, tenggorokan kering dan batuk kering.

 

Cara Mencegah Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas

Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas sangat bisa dicegah. Berikut adalah beberapa langkah pencegahan yang bisa dilakukan:

  • Mencuci tangan sebelum dan sesudah makan atau setelah menggunakan toilet
  • Menutup mulut dan hidung dengan tissue atau siku saat batuk dan bersin
  • Menghindari orang yang sedang sakit
  • Minum cukup air
  • Tidur yang cukup
  • Berhenti merokok
  • Mendapatkan vaksin pneumokokus untuk mencegah pneumonia

 

Baca Juga: Risiko Menggunakan Hand Dryer Setelah Mencuci Tangan

Apabila Anda mengalami infeksi saluran pernapasan atas yang tidak kunjung membaik atau gejalanya memburuk, sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait gejala yang dialami dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 26 Oktober 2023 | 04:20

Kerry Weiss (2023). Acute Upper Respiratory Infection. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/acute-upper-respiratory-infection 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Upper Respiratory Infection. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4022-upper-respiratory-infection 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Nonallergic rhinitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351229 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Sore Throat (Pharyngitis). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8274-sore-throat-pharyngitis 

Mary Anne Dunkin (2023). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tonsillitis-symptoms-causes-and-treatments 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Laryngitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374262 

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10108 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8191 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8191
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7152 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7152
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8283 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8283
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9071 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8033 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8033
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6352 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6352
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5946 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5946
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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