Kenali Perbedaan Flu dan Pilek dari Gejalanya

Kenali Perbedaan Flu dan Pilek dari Gejalanya
Credits: Freepik. Flu dan pilek tidak lah sama.

Bagikan :


Anda tidak sendiri apabila selama ini Anda berpikir bahwa flu dan pilek adalah penyakit yang sama. Faktanya, flu dan pilek memang memiliki gejala yang mirip namun disebabkan oleh virus yang berbeda. Artinya, pengobatan yang diberikan bisa jadi tidak sama. 

 

Apa itu Pilek?

Pilek disebut juga common cold. Infeksi virus ini menyerang saluran pernapasan bagian atas seperti hidung dan tenggorokan. Sebagian besar gejalanya tidak berbahaya dan biasanya akan membaik dalam 10 hari. 

Pilek disebabkan oleh rhinovirus, yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui mulut, mata atau hidung ketika droplets tidak sengaja masuk, atau ketika menyentuh barang yang terkontaminasi virus. Pilek mudah menular, terutama pada bayi yang sistem kekebalan tubuhnya masih lemah, orang yang aktif merokok, sering berada di keramaian, atau saat musim hujan. 

Baca juga: Mengapa Sering Flu dan Pilek saat Musim Hujan? | AI Care (ai-care.id)

 

Gejala Pilek 

Gejala pilek pada orang dewasa biasanya cukup ringan dan tidak membutuhkan pengobatan khusus karena akan membaik dalam beberapa hari. Adapun gejalanya:

  • Hidung berair
  • Sakit tenggorokan 
  • Batuk 
  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Sakit kepala ringan 
  • Demam ringan 
  • Perasaan tubuh tidak enak 
  • Bersin-bersin 

 

Apa itu Influenza?

Influenza atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah flu adalah infeksi di saluran pernapasan seperti hidung, tenggorokan dan paru-paru. Influenza disebabkan oleh virus influenza, yang rentan menyerang anak-anak di bawah usia 2 tahun, lansia, tenaga medis, orang dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah atau menderita penyakit kronis, dan obesitas. 

Sama seperti rhinovirus, virus influenza juga menyebar melalui droplets dan kontak dengan benda yang terkontaminasi. Influenza memiliki jenis strain yang berbeda-beda, sehingga apabila Anda sembuh dari salah satu strain, Anda masih bisa berisiko tertular kembali oleh strain lainnya. 

 

Gejala Flu 

Awalnya gejala flu sangat mirip dengan pilek, seperti hidung yang berair, bersin, dan sakit tenggorokan. Demam kemudian juga akan muncul mengikuti gejala lainnya.

Gejala flu di antaranya:

  • Demam 
  • Nyeri otot
  • Sakit kepala 
  • Menggigil dan berkeringat 
  • Batuk kering
  • Sesak napas
  • Kelelahan 
  • Tubuh terasa lemah 
  • Hidung berair atau tersumbat 
  • Sakit tenggorokan 
  • Sakit di belakang mata 
  • Mual, muntah dan diare (pada anak-anak)

 

Flu dan Pilek tidak Sama, Ini Perbedaannya 

Sama-sama menginfeksi saluran pernapasan, tetapi flu dan pilek tidak lah sama. Berikut adalah beberapa perbedaannya:

  • Gejala infeksi flu cenderung muncul tiba-tiba, dan gejalanya berkembang cepat 
  • Demam pada pilek cenderung ringan, sedangkan demam pada flu cenderung tinggi dan bisa bertahan hingga 3-4 hari 
  • Sakit kepala terkadang dirasakan pada pilek, namun lebih sering pada flu 
  • Nyeri otot dan sendi jarang dan mungkin sangat ringan dirasakan pada pilek, sedangkan pada flu rasa nyerinya lebih sering dan cukup parah 
  • Saat terkena pilek, Anda masih bisa beraktivitas seperti biasa, namun saat terkena flu tubuh akan terasa lelah dan lemah. Anda bahkan akan merasa sangat lelah di awal kemunculan gejalanya 
  • Sakit tenggorokan lebih sering dirasakan pada infeksi pilek dibanding flu 
  • Perasaan tidak nyaman di dada dan batuk lebih sering dirasakan saat flu dan mungkin memburuk 
  • Tanpa pengobatan, pilek dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi seperti tersumbatnya sinus atau infeksi telinga bagian tengah. Sedangkan pada flu, komplikasi bisa berkembang menjadi sinusitis, bronkitis, infeksi telinga, dan pneumonia
  • Pada keluhan pilek, Anda mungkin hanya perlu mengonsumsi dekongestan atau pereda demam. Sedangkan pada flu, Anda sangat mungkin membutuhkan obat antivirus bila gejala yang dialami cenderung parah 
  • Anda juga bisa mendapatkan vaksin influenza yang diberikan 1 kali setiap tahunnya untuk mencegah infeksi flu. Tidak ada vaksin yang bisa mengatasi pilek, satu-satunya pencegahan pilek adalah menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat, rajin mencuci tangan, dan menghindari kontak dengan orang yang sakit

 

Karena sama-sama memiliki peluang menjadi komplikasi yang lebih parah, maka ada baiknya Anda memeriksakan diri dan mendapatkan pengobatan ke dokter apabila gejalanya tidak membaik setelah 3 hari. Dokter akan meresepkan obat untuk membantu mengatasi keluhan Anda. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 
Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 19:26
CDC (2022). Cold Versus Flu. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/coldflu.htm
 
WebMD (2020). Flu or Cold Symptoms?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-cold-symptoms\
 
Joseph Nordqvist (2020). What is the difference between cold and flu?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5161#cold-vs-flu
 

 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Influenza (flu). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7295 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1990 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1990
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4836 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4836
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3418 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3418
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6109 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8303
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8885 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8885
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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