Bahaya Polusi Udara bagi Kesehatan Jantung

Bahaya Polusi Udara bagi Kesehatan Jantung
Credit: Freepik. Polusi adalah masalah lingkungan yang dihadapi berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia.

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Polusi adalah masalah lingkungan yang dihadapi berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu jenis polusi yang paling umum terjadi adalah polusi udara. Polusi udara mengandung berbagai zat kimia seperti metan, karbon monoksida, ozon, dan lain-lain yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan.

Selain menyebabkan masalah lingkungan, polusi udara juga diketahui dapat mengganggu sistem pernapasan. Tak hanya itu, polusi udara juga dapat memengaruhi kesehatan jantung dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah.

 

Efek Samping Polusi Udara bagi Kesehatan Jantung

Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan mengenai bahaya polusi udara bagi kesehatan jantung. Adanya polusi udara disebut dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) menyebutkan bahwa polusi berkaitan dengan kematian 9 juta jiwa di tahun 2019 akibat penyakit kardiovaskular termasuk stroke dan penyakit jantung iskemik.

Polusi udara adalah jenis polusi yang paling umum dan dapat terjadi di udara dalam atau luar ruangan yang kita hirup. Zat yang termasuk polusi udara termasuk di antaranya polutan seperti metana, karbon monoksida, ozon, nitrogen dioksida, sulfur dioksida dan senyawa organik yang mudah menguap. Polutan tersebut dapat dihasilkan dari sisa pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan, asap pabrik dan pembangkit listrik, sisa proses pertanian seperti pupuk dan kotoran hewan, kebiasaan merokok, dan lain-lain.

Pada negara berkembang, angka kematian penyakit kardiovaskular akibat polusi udara melebihi angka kematian penyakit kardiovaskular karena merokok dan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Ketika Anda menghirup udara dengan kualitas yang buruk, polutan dapat masuk hingga pembuluh darah melalui pernapasan lalu menuju jantung. Polutan tersebut kemudian dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan gangguan sistem sirkulasi darah.

Beberapa bahaya polutan bagi sistem kardiovaskular di antaranya:

  • Membuat pembuluh darah menjadi lebih keras dan sempit. Akibatnya darah sulit mengalir dan meningkatkan risiko penggumpalan darah. Selain itu, tekanan darah juga cenderung meningkat karena jantung memompa lebih cepat.
  • Membuat otot jantung lebih tegang. Pembuluh darah yang keras dan sempit dapat memicu otot jantung bekerja lebih keras sehingga otot tersebut lebih mudah tegang dan kaku.
  • Mengganggu sistem kelistrikan jantung. Gangguan kelistrikan jantung dapat menyebabkan gangguan detak jantung yang membuat irama jantung tidak normal.
  • Menyebabkan perubahan pada struktur jantung sehingga meningkatkan risiko gagal jantung.

Polutan juga dianggap memperparah kondisi gangguan pembuluh darah dan jantung. Bagi Anda yang sudah memiliki masalah peredaran darah, polutan dapat meningkatkan risiko penggumpalan darah dan pecahnya pembuluh arteri. Kondisi ini juga dapat meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung. 

 

Tips Mengurangi Risiko Penyakit Jantung Akibat Polusi Udara

Paparan polusi yang terjadi terus-menerus selama bertahun-tahun tanpa disadari dapat memengaruhi kesehatan jantung. Bagi Anda yang tinggal di lokasi rentan polusi, ada beberapa upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko penyakit jantung, di antaranya:

  • Selalu menggunakan masker di area yang rentan polusi
  • Menerapkan gaya hidup sehat dengan makan makanan sehat serta rutin berolahraga
  • Rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan terutama yang terkait dengan jantung
  • Gunakan air purifier di rumah
  • Hindari berlama-lama berada di area yang terpapar polusi
  • Jika memungkinkan, gunakan transportasi umum

 

Penanganan masalah polusi perlu melibatkan pemerintah dan berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Namun untuk melindungi diri Anda dari risiko penyakit jantung, sebaiknya lakukan upaya pencegahan seperti menggunakan masker dan mengurangi paparan polusi. Apabila Anda memiliki masalah jantung, sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 03:14

Lee, A. (2022). Pollution and Heart Health. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/pollution-and-heart-health-5215935

Rajagopalan, S., & Landrigan, P. J. (2021). Pollution and the Heart. The New England journal of medicine, 385(20), 1881–1892. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra2030281

EPA. Linking Air Pollution and Heart Disease. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/linking-air-pollution-and-heart-disease

Million Hearts. Particle Pollution and Heart Disease. Available from: https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/about-million-hearts/building-communities/particle-pollution.html

Mahlof, E. N., & Bisognano, J. D. (2020). Reducing cardiovascular risk caused by air pollution: individuals can make a difference. Journal of human hypertension34(12), 805–806. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-020-00404-4

 

 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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