Cara Mencegah Terbentuknya Batu Ginjal

Cara Mencegah Terbentuknya Batu Ginjal
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Penyakit batu ginjal disebut juga nefrolitiasis. Menderita penyakit batu ginjal berarti di dalam ginjal Anda terbentuk batu atau endapan material yang keras. Endapan tersebut umumnya terbuat dari mineral seperti kalsium oksalat atau struvit, garam, dan bahan kimia yang bisa ditemukan pada urine. 

Pria lebih berisiko mengalami batu ginjal dibandingkan wanita. Batu ini bisa menetap di ginjal dan berisiko menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal di kemudian hari. Tanpa pengobatan, batu ginjal juga dapat menyebabkan infeksi ginjal di mana kuman bisa menyebar ke seluruh aliran darah (septikemia) yang membahayakan jiwa.

 

Tanda-Tanda Penyakit Batu Ginjal

Batu ginjal yang terbentuk bisa beragam ukurannya, mulai dari butiran pasir hingga berukuran besar. Makin besar ukuran batunya, makin tampak jelas pula gejalanya. Anda mungkin mengalami batu ginjal bila mengalami beberapa gejala berikut:

  • Nyeri punggung atau nyeri kolik (nyeri hilang-timbul) yang hebat
  • Nyeri yang samar atau sakit perut yang tak kunjung sembuh
  • Sulit buang air kecil
  • Terdapat darah dalam urine atau urine berbau tak sedap dan terlihat keruh
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Demam dan menggigil

Baca Juga: 4 Jenis Batu Ginjal Beserta Faktor Risikonya

 

Cara Mencegah Terbentuknya Batu Ginjal

Batu ginjal tidak terbentuk dalam semalam. Pola makan dan pola hidup sehat sangat memengaruhi pembentukan batu ginjal. Untuk mencegah terbentuknya batu ginjal berikut adalah beberapa hal yang disarankan:

 

Mencukupi kebutuhan air putih

Minum air putih secara rutin membantu mencegah terbentuknya batu ginjal. Saat cukup minum air, produksi urine Anda akan tinggi. Berarti akan ada lebih banyak cairan untuk melarutkan zat-zat yang berpotensi membentuk batu ginjal. Menurut para ahli, Anda disarankan minum setidaknya 8-12 gelas air per hari. 

 

Mengonsumsi makanan kaya kalsium

Diet rendah kalsium justru meningkatkan risiko seseorang terkena batu ginjal. Meskipun tampak kontradiktif, konsumsi kalsium yang cukup dalam diet sebenarnya dapat membantu melindungi tubuh dari pembentukan batu ginjal.

Kalsium dalam makanan membantu mengikat oksalat sebelum sampai dan mengendap di ginjal. Kalsium sebaiknya diperoleh dari asupan makanan alami seperti susu, yogurt atau keju rendah lemak maupun sumber makanan mengandung kalsium lainnya. Konsumsi suplemen kalsium berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko pembentukan batu ginjal.

Baca Juga: Mengapa Ibu Menyusui tidak Boleh Kekurangan Kalsium?

 

Makan lebih sedikit garam

Terlalu banyak makan makanan yang asin menyebabkan urine mengandung lebih banyak garam. Garam dalam urine mencegah kalsium diserap kembali dari urine ke darah. Akibatnya kadar kalsium urine menjadi tinggi dan dapat menyebabkan batu ginjal.

Makanan yang tinggi kandungan garam ada di sekitar Anda, seperti makanan olahan, makanan kaleng, makanan yang mengandung MSG, makanan yang mengandung baking soda, dan juga snack kemasan.

 

Menghindari konsumsi makanan tinggi oksalat

Oksalat adalah senyawa alami yang ditemukan dalam berbagai makanan. Mengonsumsi makanan yang tinggi kandungan oksalat dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya endapan yang menjadi komponen batu ginjal.

Makanan yang mengandung tinggi oksalat antara lain bayam, bit, ubi jalar, kacang kedelai, cokelat, teh hitam, stroberi, dan sejumlah kacang-kacangan. Mengurangi konsumsi makanan ini bukan berarti berhenti mengonsumsinya, namun Anda perlu mengontrol porsinya.

 

Selain cara di atas, Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care untuk mendapatkan resep obat yang tidak meningkatkan risiko terbentuknya batu ginjal. Konsumsi obat yang diresepkan dokter sesuai dengan dosis yang telah direkomendasikan dan tidak sembarangan minum obat.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 25 Mei 2023 | 07:39

Annette McDermott (2019). 9 Ways to Prevent Kidney Stones. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-health/how-to-prevent-kidney-stones 

National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Stones. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones 

Better Health Channel. Kidney stones. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/kidney-stones 

NHS UK (2022). Kidney stones. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-stones/prevention 

National Kidney Foundation. 6 Easy Ways to Prevent Kidney Stones. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones_prevent 

Steven Brown (2022). Can What You Eat Give You Kidney Stones?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/kidney-stones/kidney-stones-food-causes 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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