Cara Mencegah Infeksi Batuk Pertusis (Batuk Rejan)

Cara Mencegah Infeksi Batuk Pertusis (Batuk Rejan)
Credits: Freepik

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Batuk pertusis adalah jenis batuk yang jauh lebih mudah menular dari batuk lainnya. Batuk ini disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri yang disebut Bordetella pertusis.

Infeksi bakteri ini menyebar dari orang yang satu ke yang lain melalui batuk, bersin atau saat berbicara sangat dekat. Infeksinya juga mungkin menyebar saat menyentuh permukaan yang terinfeksi kemudian menyentuh hidung atau mulut tanpa mencuci tangan terlebih dahulu.

 

Berbahayakah Batuk Pertusis?

Batuk pertusis atau disebut juga batuk rejan bisa berubah menjadi kondisi yang serius, bahkan komplikasi yang mengancam jiwa. Saat menginfeksi bayi di bawah usia 1 tahun, bayi berisiko mengembangkan pneumonia, kejang, apnea, ensefalopati atau kematian.

Komplikasi pada orang dewasa biasanya lebih ringan seperti batuk terus-menerus yang menyebabkan penurunan berat badan, kehilangan kontrol kandung kemih, pingsan atau patah tulang rusuk.

 

Baca Juga: Tanda dan Gejala Batuk Pertusis pada Orang Dewasa

 

Cara Mencegah Penularan Batuk Pertusis

Karena penyebarannya bisa melalui udara maupun permukaan benda, maka berikut adalah beberapa cara yang dianjurkan untuk mencegah penularan batuk pertusis:

Mencuci tangan dengan benar

Mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air adalah cara yang efektif untuk mencegah penularan batuk pertusis. Prosedur pencucian tangan yang benar adalah dengan menggosok seluruh permukaan tangan menggunakan sabun dan air mengalir selama setidaknya 20 detik. Bersihkan seluruh bagian telapak tangan termasuk bagian dalam jari, sela-sela jari, punggung tangan, dan bawah kuku. Setelah itu, bilas tangan dengan air bersih dan keringkan dengan handuk bersih atau tisu.

Menggunakan hand sanitizer

Jika sabun dan air bersih tidak tersedia, bersihkan tangan menggunakan pembersih tangan (hand sanitizer) berbasis alkohol dengan alkohol minimal 60%. Pembersih tangan berbasis alkohol efektif dalam membunuh kuman, termasuk bakteri yang menyebabkan batuk pertusis.

Hindari menyentuh wajah dengan tangan yang kotor

Tangan dapat menjadi media yang memindahkan kuman dari permukaan yang terkontaminasi ke mulut, hidung, atau mata. Menyentuh wajah dengan tangan yang kotor sama dengan membuka pintu masuk bagi infeksi.

Mendisinfeksi permukaan yang sering disentuh

Membersihkan dan mendisinfeksi permukaan yang sering disentuh, termasuk mainan adalah langkah penting yang membantu mencegah penularan batuk pertusis dan infeksi lainnya. Permukaan yang sering disentuh dapat menjadi tempat penyebaran kuman dan virus, termasuk Bordetella pertussis yang menyebabkan batuk pertusis.

Dalam hal mainan, pastikan untuk membersihkan dan mendisinfeksi mainan secara teratur, terutama jika telah terpapar oleh orang yang sakit. Mainan yang dapat dicuci sebaiknya dicuci dengan sabun dan air, sementara mainan yang tidak dapat dicuci dapat diusap menggunakan lap yang telah dibasahi dengan disinfektan yang sesuai.

Mematuhi etika batuk dan bersin

Tutup mulut dan hidung saat batuk dan bersin menggunakan lengan bagian dalam atau tisu bersih. Gunakan tisu sekali pakai dan segera buang tisu tersebut di tempat sampah. Jangan menyimpannya di dalam saku kantong pakaian Anda.

Setelah batuk atau bersin, segera cuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir atau gunakan pembersih tangan berbasis alkohol jika tidak tersedia air dan sabun.

 

Baca Juga: Ketahui Manfaat dan Jadwal Vaksin Tetanus

 

Mendapatkan vaksin DTaP atau Tdap

Salah satu cara pencegahan batuk pertusis yang efektif adalah dengan mendapatkan vaksin DTap dan Tdap dengan jadwal sebagai berikut:

  • Dosis pertama usia 2 bulan
  • Dosis kedua usia 4 bulan
  • Dosis ketiga usia 6 bulan
  • Dosis keempat di antara usia 15-18 bulan
  • Dosis kelima di antara usia 4-6 tahun

Dosis Tdap diberikan di antara usia 19-64 tahun sebagai dosis lanjutan yang memperkuat perlindungan terhadap bakteri penyebab pertusis.

 

Apabila Anda membutuhkan dosis DTap atau Tdap, Anda bisa segera menghubungi dokter atau memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 27 Juli 2023 | 03:33

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Whooping Cough (Pertussis). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15661-whooping-cough-pertussis 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Whooping cough. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20378973 

CDC (2022). Pertussis (Whooping Cough). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.html 

Medline Plus (2021). Whooping Cough. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html 

CDC (2022). Keeping Hands Clean. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/personal-hygiene/hands.html 

CDC (2022). Coughing and Sneezing. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/personal-hygiene/coughing-sneezing.html 

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      Backtrace
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