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Kenali Gejala dan Penyebab Batuk Pertusis (Batuk Rejan) pada Anak

Kenali Gejala dan Penyebab Batuk Pertusis (Batuk Rejan) pada Anak
Ilustrasi anak dengan batuk rejan sedang menjalani pemeriksaan (Credit: Freepik)

Bagikan :


Batuk pertusis atau batuk rejan adalah salah satu jenis batuk yang dapat menyerang bayi, anak-anak dan dewasa. Penyakit ini dapat disembuhkan, namun jika bayi berusia 6 bulan mengalami pertusis dan tidak mendapat penanganan yang tepat dapat memicu komplikasi yang menyebabkan kematian.

 

Apa Itu Batuk Pertusis?

Batuk rejan atau batuk pertusis (whoopping cough) adalah infeksi bakteri pada saluran pernapasan dan paru-paru. Penyakit ini mudah menular dan banyak dialami bayi dan anak-anak. Pertusis juga dikenal sebagai batuk 100 hari karena berlangsung beberapa minggu hingga bulanan.

Biasanya batuk pertusis ditandai dengan gejala mirip flu seperti hidung meler, bersin, demam dan batuk ringan. Setelah 1-2 minggu batuk akan semakin parah yang ditandai dengan suara batuk terdengar semakin keras dan terus-menerus.

Batuk pertusis perlu diwaspadai pada bayi yang berusia di bawah 1 tahun. Bayi yang mengalami batuk pertusis akan susah makan, menyusu dan bernapas sehingga lambat laun kondisinya akan memburuk.

Baca Juga: Batuk, Perlukah Diobati dengan Antibiotik?

 

Gejala Batuk Pertusis pada Anak

Gejala batuk pertusis berkembang secara perlahan dan berlangsung dalam 3 tahapan. Pada tahap pertama gejala dapat berlangsung selama 1-2 minggu. Beberapa gejala yang muncul pada tahapan pertama antara lain:

  • Batuk ringan
  • Demam
  • HIdung meler

Pada tahapan kedua, gejala dapat berlangsung 1-6 minggu atau 10 minggu. Beberapa gejala yang muncul di tahapan kedua antara lain:

  • Batuk yang semakin parah 
  • Batuk yang bisa diawali oleh banyak faktor seperti makan atau menangis
  • Batuk yang kering dan keras
  • Batuk yang berakhir dengan suara teriakan saat menarik napas (whoopping)

Selain batuk kering dan keras, batuk pertusis juga dapat ditandai dengan batuk berdahak. Dahak pada anak kadang membuat anak mengalami muntah-muntah dan rewel. Tanda lain yang bisa diamati adalah batuk yang semakin parah terutama saat malam dan pada bayi bisa menunjukkan wajah kebiruan dan pucat karena sulit bernapas. 

Pada tahapan ketiga, pertusis dapat ditandai dengan muntah-muntah dan batuk yang berkurang. Biasanya batuk akan berkurang sekitar minggu ke-6 tetapi dapat belanjut selama 1-2 bulan berikutnya. 

Gejala pertusis dapat bervariasi pada setiap anak. Pada bayi, batuknya mungkin sangat sulit dideteksi dan sering disalahartikan dengan apnea (henti napas sementara). 

Baca Juga: Nyeri Punggung saat Batuk, Haruskah Khawatir?

 

Penanganan Batuk Pertusis pada Anak

Penanganan batuk rejan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan obat antibiotik untuk melawan bakteri penyebab infeksi. Pada bayi obat ini dapat diberikan melalui infus, sedangkan pada anak-anak yang berusia lebih dewasa, obat dapat diberikan secara langsung.

Jika bayi atau anak-anak mengalami kesulitan bernapas, dokter dapat memberikan sungkup oksigen untuk membantu pernapasan.

Pada bayi dan anak-anak yang mengalami pertusis cukup parah biasanya dokter akan merekomendasikan untuk isolasi selama 5 hari sejak pemberian antibiotik pertama. Bayi yang berusia 3-6 bulan umumnya perlu menjalani rawat inap untuk mendapatkan pengobatan intensif.

Mengingat batuk pertusis sangat menular dan berbahaya pada bayi, sebaiknya orang tua tidak melewatkan jadwal vaksin pertusis pada bayi. Vaksin pertusis bisa diberikan menggunakan vaksin DPT yang diberikan pada bayi berusia 2, 3 dan 4 bulan. 

 

Bayi atau anak-anak yang mengalami batuk rejan dan tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi yang serius. Jika anak-anak mengalami batuk yang tidak kunjung membaik segera ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi bersama dokter di aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 27 Juli 2023 | 09:07

John Hopkins Medicine. Pertussis in Children. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pertussis-in-children#

Kids Health. Whooping Cough (Pertussis). Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/whooping-cough.html

Cedars Sinai. Whooping Cough (Pertussis) in Children. Available from: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions---pediatrics/w/whooping-cough-pertussis-in-children.html

CDC. Signs and Symptoms. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1238
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5447 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5447
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7551 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7551
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9967 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9967
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7118 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7118
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4757 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4757
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1095
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7607
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7601 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7601
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8306 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8306
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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