Efek Stres bagi Perkembangan Janin dan Ibu Hamil

Efek Stres bagi Perkembangan Janin dan Ibu Hamil

Bagikan :


Bagi ibu hamil, bukan hanya perlu memerhatikan kecukupan gizi agar bayi dalam kandungannya sehat. Kesehatan mental ibu hamil juga perlu diperhatikan. Perubahan hormon selama kehamilan membuat ibu hamil mudah lelah, emosi tidak stabil, dan kurang tidur. Kondisi ini kerap membuat ibu hamil stres dan uring-uringan. Banyak ahli berpendapat bahwa ketika ibu hamil mengalami stres, hal ini dapat membahayakan janin yang dikandungnya. Benarkah demikian?

Saat Anda mengalami kondisi stres, baik pada ibu hamil maupun bukan sebenarnya adalah hal yang normal. Dilansir dari laman Kemenkes, stres adalah reaksi seseorang baik secara fisik maupun emosional apabila ada perubahan dari lingkungan yang menyebabkan seseorang harus menyesuaikan diri.

Kehamilan adalah perubahan besar dalam hidup seorang perempuan. Karenanya, wajar jika bumil merasakan takut, khawatir hingga tanpa disadari menyebabkan stres. Meskipun stres dapat membantu seseorang menjadi lebih waspada, namun jika tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menyebabkan gangguan emosional dan fisik.

 

Efek stres pada ibu hamil

Sejumlah penelitian mengungkapkan berikut efek negatif stres pada ibu hamil, beberapa di antaranya:

1. Keguguran

Dalam sebuah studi disebutkan bahwa stres saat hamil dapat meningkatkan risiko keguguran. Dilansir dari Healthline, penelitian tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa Ibu hamil yang mengalami tekanan psikis berkepanjangan berisiko mengalami keguguran. Para ahli berpendapat bahwa stres yang berbahaya adalah stres yang tidak mudah diungkapkan atau stres yang bersifat kronis. Stres yang berkepanjangan dapat memengaruhi metabolisme tubuh dan memicu peradangan yang juga dapat memengaruhi janin.

2. Kelahiran prematur dan berat badan bayi lahir rendah

Ketika ibu hamil mengalami stres, tubuh akan mengeluarkan hormon kortisol. Hormon ini juga akan memicu keluarnya hormon lain di dalam tubuh seperti hormon corticotropin-releasing (CRH) yang memengaruhi pematangan janin. Ketika hormon CRH dilepaskan tubuh, tubuh mengartikan bahwa janin akan siap dilahirkan sehingga dapat memicu kelahiran prematur pada bumil yang mengalami stres berkepanjangan. Selain prematur, ibu hamil yang mengalami stres juga berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah. 

3. Mengganggu pertumbuhan otak janin

Stres yang berkepanjangan juga dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan janin. Dilansir dari WebMD, stres yang dialami ibu hamil dapat memicu masalah perilaku seiring masa pertumbuhan buah hati. Sebuah penelitian di tahun 2015 menyebutkan bahwa stres yang dialami ibu hamil di trimester pertama dapat memengaruhi mikroba di saluran pencernaan sehingga memengaruhi perkembangan otak janin. Mikroba ini juga dapat memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan metabolisme.

 

Stres, tanpa disadari memiliki efek jangka panjang bukan hanya bagi ibu hamil namun juga bagi bayi dalam kandungan. Bagi ibu hamil, jika merasakan ada gejala stres kronis sebaiknya mencoba bersifat terbuka dengan membicarakannya pada pasangan atau orang yang dipercaya. Selain dokter, ibu hamil juga dapat membicarakannya kepada dokter, terapis, atau sesama ibu hamil lainnya untuk mendapatkan dukungan. Selain berbagi, ibu hamil juga disarankan tetap menjaga asupan gizi dengan mengonsumsi makanan sehat dan melakukan latihan relaksasi untuk menenangkan pikiran. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 Juni 2024 | 04:07

Pregnancy, birth, and baby. Stress and pregnancy. Available from: https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/stress-and-pregnancy.

NHS. Mental health during pregnancy. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/mental-health/.

Healthline. Stress and Its Effect on Your Baby Before and After Birth. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/stress-during-pregnancy.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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