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  • Mudah Menular, Kenali Cara Penularan Pertusis dan Cara Mencegahnya

Mudah Menular, Kenali Cara Penularan Pertusis dan Cara Mencegahnya

Mudah Menular, Kenali Cara Penularan Pertusis dan Cara Mencegahnya
Ilustrasi bayi mengalami pertusis (Credit: Freepik)

Bagikan :


Batuk pertusis atau batuk rejan (whopping cough) adalah batuk yang berlangsung selama beberapa minggu. Jenis batuk ini biasa dialami anak-anak dan dewasa, namun pada bayi batuk rejan dapat menyebabkan kondisi bayi memburuk dan berakibat fatal.

 

Apa Itu Batuk Pertusis?

Batuk pertusis adalah batuk yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Bordetella pertussis. Infeksi bakteri ini terjadi ketika bakteri tersebut memasuki sistem pernapasan.

Bakteri ini menempel pada jaringan di lapisan saluran pernapasan (cilia) kemudian melepaskan racun yang merusak cilia dan menyebabkan saluran udara membengkak. Pembengkakan ini menyebabkan produksi lendir meningkat sehingga menyebabkan batuk parah.

Batuk pertusis dapat dialami bayi dan dewasa, namun pertusis pada bayi memiliki risiko paling tinggi mengalami komplikasi akibat infeksi. Komplikasi akibat batuk rejan yang mungkin dialami bayi antara lain:

  • Dehidrasi dan penurunan berat badan
  • Radang paru-paru
  • Napas yang berhenti atau melambat
  • Kerusakan otak

Pertusis pada bayi dapat dicegah dengan vaksin, namun bayi belum dapat menerima vaksin pertusis hingga usia 2 bulan. Dengan demikian, bayi memiliki risiko terinfeksi pertusis hingga mendapatkan vaksin pertusis secara lengkap. Karenanya, penting bagi orang tua untuk mengetahui cara penularan dan pencegahan batuk pertusis terutama pada balita.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Manfaat dan Efek Samping Vaksin Hib

 

Cara Penularan Batuk Pertusis

Batuk pertusis adalah jenis penyakit yang sangat menular. Dilansir dari Healthline, orang yang terinfeksi bakteri pertusis dapat menularkan 12-15 orang lainnya.

Bakteri yang menyebabkan batuk rejan dapat menyebar melalui droplet atau percikan air liur ketika seseorang batuk atau bersin. Bila Anda atau si kecil menghirup percikan air liur ini, kemungkinan Anda dan si kecil akan terinfeksi.

Selain lewat batuk atau bersin, Anda juga bisa terinfeksi bakteri pertusis ketika menyentuh permukaan yang terkontaminasi seperti gagang pintu, kran wastafel, dan benda lain yang dipakai bersamaan. Bila setelah menyentuh permukaan yang terkontaminasi kemudian menyentuh wajah, hidung, atau mulut, Anda juga dapat terinfeksi.

Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah Melalui Vaksin

 

Pencegahan Batuk Pertusis

Saat ini telah tersedia vaksin untuk mencegah pertusis yang dapat diberikan pada bayi. Pemberian vaksin pertusis dianggap sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencegah keparahan batuk pertusis yang paling efektif. Vaksin untuk mencegah pertusis adalah vaksin DPT/HB yang bisa diberikan pada bayi sejak usia 2 bulan. 

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, anak-anak dianjurkan menerima vaksin DPT sebanyak 5 kali dengan jadwal sebagai berikut:

  • Dosis pertama: bayi berusia 2 bulan
  • Dosis kedua: bayi berusia 3-4 bulan
  • Dosis ketiga: bayi berusia 4-6 bulan
  • Dosis keempat: anak berusia 15-18 bulan
  • Dosis kelima: anak berusia 4-6 tahun

Untuk dosis keempat dan kelima merupakan booster yang bisa diberikan ketika anak berusia di atas 1 tahun. Vaksin booster DPT juga tersedia untuk dewasa berusia 19-64 tahun dan ibu hamil.

Selain pemberian vaksin, cara pencegahan batuk pertusis yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan seperti berikut:

  • Rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir
  • Hindari menyentuh wajah dengan tangan yang kotor atau belum dicuci
  • Membersihkan dan mendisinfeksi permukaan yang sering disentuh seperti gagang pintu, mainan, kran, permukaan meja
  • Menutupi batuk dan bersin dengan tisu atau lengan 
  • Menghindari kontak dekat dengan orang yang sedang sakit

 

Pertusis adalah penyakit menular dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius bagi bayi. Untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan pertusis, bayi perlu mendapatkan vaksin DPT sejak usia 2 bulan. Jika bayi menunjukkan gejala batuk pertusis seperti demam dan batuk kering, maka sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 24 Juli 2023 | 10:07

Seladi-Schulman, J. (2018). How Whooping Cough Spreads, and What to Do If You’re Exposed. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/is-whooping-cough-contagious#exposure

Mayo Clinic. Overview. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20378973

Medline Plus. Whopping Cough. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.htm

CDC. Causes and How It Spreads. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/causes-transmission.html#

Cleveland Clinic. Whooping Cough (Pertussis). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15661-whooping-cough-pertussis

Cleveland Clinic. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Vaccine. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21639-pertussis-whooping-cough-vaccine

Yankes Kemkes. Pertusis, Bagaimana Mengatasinya??. Available from: https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1291/pertusis-bagaimana-mengatasinya

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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