Cara Mencegah Terkena Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronis

Cara Mencegah Terkena Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronis
Ilustrasi gejala penyakit ginjal kronis. Credits: Freepik

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Penyakit ginjal kronis atau dikenal dengan gagal ginjal kronis terjadi ketika ginjal Anda secara bertahap mengalami penurunan fungsinya. Ginjal yang mengalami penurunan fungsi ini tidak akan bisa menyaring kelebihan cairan, serta limbah dan racun dari dalam darah. Akibatnya, kelebihan cairan dan limbah akan menumpuk di dalam darah, demikian juga dengan elektrolit dan mineral yang menjadi tidak seimbang jumlahnya.

Selain kondisi kesehatan tertentu, orang yang menderita diabetes, memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung, obesitas, perokok aktif, dan orang dengan struktur ginjal abnormal lebih berisiko mengalami gagal ginjal kronis. Namun, tenang saja, dengan faktor risiko yang disebutkan, Anda tidak selalu akan mengalami gagal ginjal asalkan melakukan beberapa tindakan preventif berikut ini.

 

Cara Mencegah Gagal Ginjal Kronis

Orang dengan faktor risiko gagal ginjal atau penyakit ginjal perlu mendapatkan pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin secara keseluruhan. Pemeriksaan rutin membantu mendeteksi lebih awal gejala gagal ginjal yang berkembang, terutama karena gejalanya tidak selalu terlihat di tahapan awal perkembangannya.

Selain itu, ada beberapa hal lain yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah gagal ginjal kronis, di antaranya:

Mengelola tekanan darah tinggi

Memiliki ginjal yang sehat dan berfungsi dengan baik sangat penting untuk menjaga tekanan darah berada dalam kisaran normal. Ketika ginjal mengalami kerusakan, kemampuannya dalam mengatur tekanan darah akan terpengaruh.

Penyakit ginjal kronis, yang menyebabkan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara bertahap akan memengaruhi peningkatan tekanan darah. Tekanan darah tinggi kemudian dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lebih lanjut pada pembuluh darah di ginjal yang akhirnya dapat memperburuk kondisi penyakit ginjal kronis. Siklus ini dikenal dengan istilah hipertensi ginjal.

Baca Juga: 5 Tahapan Perkembangan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis

 

Mengelola kadar gula darah

Orang dengan diabetes disarankan untuk selalu mengelola kadar gula darah dengan baik. Kadar gula darah yang terlalu tinggi dan tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi serius yang disebut nefropati diabetik.

Nefropati diabetik merupakan penyebab umum gagal ginjal kronis, di mana nefron (glomerulus dan tubulus) mengalami kerusakan akibat kadar gula darah tinggi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Pada tahap awal perkembangan nefropati diabetik, dinding pembuluh darah di glomerulus dapat mengalami penebalan dan perubahan struktural, yang mengakibatkan bocornya albumin (protein) ke dalam urine.

 

Pola makan sehat dan seimbang

Pola makan yang sehat dan seimbang berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan secara keseluruhan termasuk kesehatan ginjal dan risiko penyakit ginjal. Asupan serat, vitamin dan mineral yang cukup mampu mengurangi risiko tekanan darah tinggi dan memberikan nutrisi yang mendukung kesehatan ginjal.

Karbohidrat kompleks seperti roti gandum, nasi merah, pasta gandum utuh memiliki indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah yang dapat memberikan energi stabil tanpa meningkatkan gula darah secara drastis. Anda juga disarankan membatasi asupan konsumsi garam karena natrium dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah.

 

Berhenti merokok

Merokok dapat memberikan dampak negatif pada kesehatan ginjal seperti peningkatan risiko kanker ginjal, gangguan pembuluh darah, meningkatkan tekanan darah, meningkatkan risiko pembentukan batu ginjal, serta menyebabkan peradangan dan kerusakan sel di ginjal.

Untuk melindungi kesehatan ginjal, sangat penting untuk menghindari dan menghentikan kebiasaan merokok.

Baca Juga: Inilah yang Terjadi pada Kulit Saat Anda Berhenti Merokok

 

Minum obat pereda nyeri sesuai dosis yang dianjurkan

Banyak obat pereda nyeri yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi ginjal dan memperburuk kondisi penyakit ginjal kronis. Untuk itu, sangat penting mengonsumsi obat pereda nyeri sesuai dosis dan aturan pakai atau konsultasikan dengan dokter terlebih dahulu sebelum mengonsumsi obat pereda nyeri.

 

Deteksi dini penyakit ginjal kronis dapat membantu mencegah keparahan penyakit. Segera konsultasikan dengan dokter apabila Anda sering merasa kelelahan, kehilangan nafsu makan, buang air kecil lebih sering, kesulitan tidur dan fokus, sering mengalami nyeri otot, gatal-gatal dan juga pembengkakan di kaki atau pergelangan kaki.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store terkait pertanyaan seputar penyakit ginjal kronis atau lainnya.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 18 April 2024 | 04:05

Mayo Clinic (2023). Chronic kidney disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521 

National Kidney Foundation. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/about-chronic-kidney-disease 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Chronic Kidney Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15096-chronic-kidney-disease 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (2020). High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure 

James Beckerman, MD, FACC (2023). High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/hypertension-related-kidney-disease 

Medline Plus (2023). Diabetes and kidney disease. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000494.htm 

NHS UK (2023). Chronic kidney disease. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease/prevention/ 

Kidney Research UK. Smoking and kidney disease. Available from: https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/kidney-health-information/about-kidney-disease/am-i-at-risk/smoking-and-kidney-disease/ 

National Kidney Foundation. Pain Medicines (Analgesics). Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/painmeds_analgesics 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9253 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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