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Bagaimana Tekanan Darah Tinggi bisa Menyebabkan Gagal Ginjal?

Bagaimana Tekanan Darah Tinggi bisa Menyebabkan Gagal Ginjal?
Credit: Freepik

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Pemilik hipertensi atau penyakit darah tinggi perlu waspada akan tekanan darah tinggi yang dimiliki. Jika tekanan darah tinggi tidak terkontrol, kondisi ini akan menyebabkan komplikasi lainnya seperti penyakit jantung, retinopati (penyakit pada retine), dan stroke. Selain itu tekanan darah tinggi juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan ginjal.

 

Apa Itu Hipertensi?

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah kondisi di mana tekanan darah berada di angka 130/80 mmHg atau lebih, saat sudah dilakukan pengukuran berulang di waktu yang berbeda. Terdapat tekanan yang menggerakkan aliran darah dalam pembuluh, agar darah bisa mengalir dan sampai di jaringan tujuan. Ketika terdapat penyempitan pembuluh, bisa karena gangguan pembuluh atau ada plak-plak lemak yang menyumbat pembuluh, tekanan yang diperlukan agar darah bisa melewati pembuluh tersebut akan meningkat. Jantung akan bekerja keras untuk mempertahankan tekanannya.

Meskipun jantung dan pembuluh darah dapat menoleransi peningkatan tekanan darah dalam waktu lama, namun seiring berjalannya waktu kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada pembuluh darah dan organ lainnya.

Baca Juga: Proses Terbentuknya Urine dan Tips Mudah Menjaga Kesehatan Ginjal

 

Bagaimana Hipertensi Menyebabkan Gangguan Ginjal?

Kedua ginjal berada di setiap sisi tubuh dan berperan untuk menjaga keseimbangan air dan mineral di tubuh. Sistem penyaringan pada ginjal terdiri dari jaringan pembuluh darah yang berperan menyaring limbah metabolisme dan membuang kelebihan cairan dari tubuh. 

Tekanan darah dan kesehatan organ ginjal sangat berkaitan. Kedua ginjal Anda dan sistem sirkulasi saling bergantung satu sama lain agar tubuh dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan optimal. Tekanan darah tinggi bisa membuat pembuluh darah menyempit, yang seiring berjalannya waktu akan merusak pembuluh darah, membuatnya menjadi tegang dan kaku. Pembuluh darah pada organ ginjal juga bisa ikut rusak.

Jika pembuluh darah pada ginjal rusak, artinya fungsi penyaringan darah pada ginjal tidak bisa bekerja dengan baik. Akibatnya, ginjal tidak bisa membuang limbah metabolisme dan kelebihan cairan sepenuhnya dari tubuh. Kelebihan cairan pada tubuh juga akan meningkatkan tekanan darah, sehingga menjadi lingkaran setan dan memicu terjadinya gagal ginjal.

Baca Juga: Apa Itu Gagal Ginjal dan Bagaimana Penanganannya?

 

Gejala Gagal Ginjal

Gagal ginjal atau penyakit ginjal kronis adalah kondisi di mana fungsi ginjal sudah menurun drastis sehingga organ tidak lagi mampu menyaring darah dan mengeluarkan limbah metabolisme dari tubuh secara normal. Kondisi ini menyebabkan penumpukan racun dalam tubuh yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi kesehatan lainnya.

Gejala awal dari penyakit ginjal kronis sering kali sulit untuk diidentifikasi. Beberapa gejala awal dari gangguan ginjal yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Perubahan frekuensi buang air kecil
  • Bisa ditemukan darah pada urine
  • Pembengkakan di anggota badan seperti perut, tungkai atau kaki karena ada cairan yang tertahan
  • Sesak napas yang tidak dapat dijelaskan sebabnya
  • Kram otot
  • Tidak nafsu makan
  • Ketidakmampuan untuk fokus
  • Badan mudah lelah
  • Kulit gatal
  • Nyeri dada
  • Koma
  • Kejang

Pada kerusakan ginjal tahap awal, umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala dan komplikasi yang terlihat. Di tahapan ini agar penyakit tidak semakin memburuk, pasien disarankan untuk menerapkan gaya hidup sehat seperti mengonsumsi makanan sehat, olahraga teratur, berhenti merokok dan mengurangi asupan gula.

Ketika fungsi ginjal sudah sangat menurun, dokter bisa menyarankan untuk melakukan terapi cuci darah (hemodialisis) hingga transplantasi ginjal.

 

Tekanan darah tinggi bukan hanya berbahaya bagi jantung namun juga organ lainnya, termasuk ginjal. Gagal ginjal adalah penyakit kronis yang perlu ditangani segera agar tidak terjadi penumpukan limbah dan racun lebih banyak pada tubuh.

Bagi Anda yang didiagnosis hipertensi, sebaiknya ikuti saran dokter untuk mengubah gaya hidup menjadi lebih sehat, mengonsumsi obat-obatan secara teratur dan rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Dengan cara ini, Anda dapat mengendalikan tekanan darah agar tidak memicu komplikasi jangka panjang. 

Untuk melakukan konsultasi kesehatan, Anda dapat menggunakan aplikasi Ai Care yang memanfaatkan artificial intelligence dalam pemeriksaan gejala kesehatan. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 12 April 2023 | 09:49

High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure#.

Heart. How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Kidney Damage or Failure. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/health-threats-from-high-blood-pressure/how-high-blood-pressure-can-lead-to-kidney-damage-or-failure.

Crider, C. (2022). How High Blood Pressure Can Increase the Risk of Kidney Damage. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/hypertension-kidney.

The Healthline Editorial Team. (2021). Everything You Need to Know About Kidney Failure. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-failure.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 266 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1876 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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