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  • Jangan Takut Menyusui, Begini Cara Cegah HIV dari Ibu ke Bayi

Jangan Takut Menyusui, Begini Cara Cegah HIV dari Ibu ke Bayi

Jangan Takut Menyusui, Begini Cara Cegah HIV dari Ibu ke Bayi

Bagikan :


HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) merupakan virus yang dapat mengakibatkan penyakit kronis AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Virus ini dapat menular melalui cairan tubuh seperti darah, air mani, cairan vagina, cairan anus dan air susu ibu. Ibu hamil merupakan salah satu kelompok yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena dapat menularkan virus HIV pada janin.

Ibu hamil termasuk golongan yang berisiko menularkan HIV pada janin, baik pada masa kehamilan, persalinan, maupun menyusui. Namun, ada beberapa cara pencegahan yang bisa dilakukan agar si kecil tidak tertular HIV dari ibu.

Mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi

Ibu hamil yang positif HIV dapat menularkan virus HIV pada janin yang dikandungnya. Dilansir dari Healthline, risiko penularan virus dari ibu ke janin dapat melalui cara berikut:

  • Pada saat kehamilan. Janin dalam kandungan mendapat asupan makanan melalui plasenta yang dialiri oleh darah.
  • Pada saat persalinan. Bayi dapat tertular dari darah atau cairan vagina ibu apabila persalinan dilakukan melalui vagina.
  • Pada saat menyusui. Dilansir dari UNICEF, menyusui memiliki risiko 10-20% untuk dapat menularkan virus pada bayi.

Meskipun setiap tahapan kehamilan hingga persalinan dan menyusui memiliki risiko penularan virus, namun ibu dengan positif HIV tetap dapat memiliki bayi yang sehat. Dengan penanganan yang tepat, ibu dapat meminimalisir risiko penularan HIV ke bayi hingga 99%. Beberapa cara tersebut antara lain:

1. Melakukan pemeriksaan HIV sejak dini

Salah satu kunci penanganan HIV adalah pemeriksaan dan penanganan sejak dini. Semakin cepat dilakukan pemeriksaan HIV maka pengobatan HIV juga semakin cepat diberikan dan risiko penularan juga semakin kecil. Jika ayah dan ibu adalah orang yang memiliki risiko tinggi untuk tertular HIV, maka lakukan pemeriksaan HIV secara rutin baik sebelum kehamilan maupun pada masa kehamilan terutama jelang persalinan.

2. Konsumsi obat-obatan

Pada masa kehamilan, ibu hamil dengan HIV akan dianjurkan untuk mengonsumsi obat-obatan seperti terapi antiretroviral (ART) atau pemberian profilaksis (ARV) untuk menjaga kesehatan ibu hamil dan janin. Selain rutin minum obat, pemberian obat HIV pada bayi yang berusia 4-6 minggu juga dapat meminimalisir risiko penularan virus. 

3. Pilih persalinan yang aman

Ibu hamil dengan positif HIV biasanya tidak disarankan untuk menjalani persalinan melalui vagina. Melahirkan dengan operasi caesar memiliki risiko yang lebih kecil bagi bayi untuk tertular virus dibanding persalinan vagina. Namun pada kondisi HIV yang terkontrol dan viral load pada ibu hamil tidak terdeteksi, dokter dapat merekomendasikan persalinan normal bagi ibu.

4. Menghindari menyusui

Pemberian ASI dari ibu yang positif HIV pada bayi negatif HIV kerap menjadi polemik. Di satu sisi, ASI merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi, namun di sisi lain ASI adalah cairan tubuh yang dapat menularkan HIV dari ibu ke bayi.

Di Amerika, menurut rekomendasi CDC dan American Academy of Pediatrics, ibu positif HIV tidak dianjurkan untuk memberikan ASI pada bayi, terlepas dari jumlah viral load dan konsumsi obat ART yang rutin.

Sedangkan menurut WHO, di beberapa negara ibu positif HIV diperbolehkan memberikan ASI asalkan diberikan secara eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan dilanjutkan selama minimal 1 tahun dengan MPASI yang sehat. Ibu juga dianjurkan untuk tetap mengonsumsi ART untuk mengurangi risiko penularan melalui menyusui.

 

Itulah beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayi. Bagi para ibu dengan HIV, konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai kondisi kehamilan dan upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk meminimalisir penularan pada bayi. 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 01:04

How Can I Prevent Transmitting HIV to My Baby?. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/mother-to-child.html

Kak L, Chitsike I, Luo C, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS programmes. 

Prevention of Mother-to-Chold Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/prevention-mother-child

What You Need to Know About HIV and Pregnancy. https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv/hiv-in-pregnancy#passing-to-baby

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/hiv.html#.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9228 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 639 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new710μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1512 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1512
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5502 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5502
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2050 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2050
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1069 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1069
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1843 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1843
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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