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Tidak Sama, Ini Beda Darah Rendah dengan Kurang Darah (Anemia)

Tidak Sama, Ini Beda Darah Rendah dengan Kurang Darah (Anemia)
Ilustrasi cek tekanan darah. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Banyak orang beranggapan bahwa tekanan darah rendah dan kurang darah adalah kondisi yang sama. Padahal keduanya merupakan kondisi berbeda dan membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda. Memahami perbedaan gejala dan penanganan keduanya bisa membantu mengatasi kondisi dengan tepat.

 

Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Rendah dan Kurang Darah

Tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi) dan kurang darah (anemia) sebenarnya adalah dua kondisi yang berbeda. Banyak orang menganggap tekanan darah rendah dan kurang darah adalah kondisi yang sama karena memiliki gejala awal yang mirip seperti pusing, badan lemas, dan pucat. Akibatnya, penanganan keduanya sering tidak tepat sasaran. 

Berikut ini perbedaan tekanan darah rendah dan kurang darah:

Tekanan darah rendah (Hipotensi) 

Tekanan darah mengukur bagaimana kekuatan jantung memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh. Seseorang dikatakan memiliki tekanan darah rendah jika hasil pengukuran < 90/60 mmHg. Kondisi ini bisa terjadi sebagai suatu kondisi tersendiri atau sebagai indikasi masalah kesehatan lainnya. 

Tekanan darah rendah dapat terjadi karena berbagai alasan, antara lain:

  • Volume darah rendah, bisa disebabkan oleh kehilangan darah akibat cedera atau dehidrasi.
  • Kondisi jantung dan paru-paru, misalnya terjadi ketika jantung berdetak terlalu cepat atau terlalu lambat, atau ketika paru-paru tidak berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Kondisi otot jantung lemah juga dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengalami hipotensi. 
  • Hipotensi ortostatik, yaitu ketika Anda berdiri terlalu cepat dan tubuh Anda tidak dapat mengimbanginya dengan aliran darah yang lebih banyak ke otak.
  • Pengaruh obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi seperti obat rutin untuk tekanan darah tinggi, gagal jantung, disfungsi ereksi, depresi, dan lainnya.
  • Konsumsi alkohol atau obat-obatan terlarang.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Makan Daging Kambing Bermanfaat untuk Tekanan Darah Rendah?

Pada sebagian orang, tekanan darah rendah tidak menimbulkan gejala. Banyak orang baru mengetahui mereka memiliki tekanan darah rendah ketika melakukan pemeriksaan. Gejala tekanan darah rendah antara lain:

  • Pusing atau merasa pening
  • Pingsan (sinkop)
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Penglihatan kabur
  • Napas cepat dan dangkal
  • Kelelahan atau kelemahan
  • Merasa lelah atau lesu
  • Sulit konsentrasi 

Penanganan darah rendah bisa disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Dengan penanganan yang tepat, hipotensi dapat membaik dengan sendirinya. Beberapa penanganan darah rendah yang bisa dilakukan antara lain:

  • Transfusi darah
  • Menghentikan obat yang memengaruhi tekanan darah
  • Mendapatkan cairan infus
  • Mengubah pola makan

Baca Juga: Cara Mencegah Lonjakan Gula Darah setelah Makan

Kurang darah rendah (anemia)

Anemia adalah masalah kekurangan sel darah merah atau hemoglobin yang sehat untuk membawa oksigen ke jaringan tubuh. Anemia terdiri dari beberapa jenis dan masing-masing memiliki penyebabnya sendiri. Kondisi anemia dapat bersifat jangka pendek atau jangka panjang, tingkat ringan hingga berat. Kondisi anemia juga bisa menjadi indikasi suatu peringatan penyakit serius.

Anemia terjadi ketika darah tidak memiliki cukup hemoglobin atau sel darah merah. Hal ini dapat terjadi akibat beberapa hal, yaitu:

  • Tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan hemoglobin atau sel darah merah yang cukup
  • Pendarahan yang menyebabkan hilangnya sel darah merah dan hemoglobin lebih cepat daripada yang dapat digantikannya
  • Tubuh menghancurkan sel darah merah dan hemoglobin yang ada di dalamnya

Beberapa faktor risiko terjadinya anemia antara lain:

  • Kehamilan
  • Menstruasi
  • Penyakit kronis
  • Pola makan kurang zat besi dan vitamin B12
  • Usia

Penanganan anemia tergantung dengan penyebab dan keparahan kondisi yang dialami. Penanganan anemia mencakup:

  • Konsumsi suplemen zat besi, vitamin B-12, atau asam folat
  • Perubahan pola makan kaya akan zat besi
  • Transfusi darah
  • Konsumsi obat-obatan
  • Transplantasi sel induk darah dan sumsum tulang, atau, yang jarang terjadi, pengangkatan limpa

 

Kondisi tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi) dan kurang darah (anemia) adalah dua kondisi yang berbeda meskipun terkadang mengalami gejala yang serupa. Jika Anda mengalami gejala di atas maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang sesuai. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh dari App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 29 Agustus 2024 | 04:24

Mayo Clinic. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465

Cleveland Clinic. Low Blood Pressure. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2023). Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart/understanding-low-blood-pressure-basics

Mayo Clinic. Anemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351360#

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 700 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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