Waspada, Anemia dapat Memperburuk Gejala COVID-19

Waspada, Anemia dapat Memperburuk Gejala COVID-19

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Kasus positif terkonfirmasi COVID-19 hingga kini terus bertambah. Kini semakin banyak pengidap COVID-19 yang berada di rentang usia muda. Beberapa penyakit penyerta diketahui dapat memperparah COVID-19. Selain itu, kondisi seperti anemia juga diyakini berpengaruh pada infeksi COVID-19 yang berat.

 

Apa itu Anemia?

Anemia adalah kondisi di mana jumlah dan ukuran sel darah merah berada di bawah batas normal. Orang yang mengalami anemia umumnya tidak memiliki cukup hemoglobin, yaitu protein darah pembawa oksigen dalam sel darah merah sehingga jumlah sel darah merah lebih rendah dari jumlah yang seharusnya.

Kondisi ini menyebabkan peredaran oksigen dalam tubuh menjadi tidak lancar. Anemia dapat dialami oleh siapa saja mulai dari balita, anak perempuan, juga ibu hamil. Umumnya anemia dialami oleh orang yang kurang gizi atau sedang dalam kondisi tertentu seperti haid, mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu, memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis, dan memiliki masalah kesehatan lainnya.

 

Anemia dan COVID-19

Sebuah temuan baru menyatakan bahwa orang yang memiliki anemia berisiko mengalami gejala COVID-19 lebih parah dibanding dengan pasien tanpa anemia. Penderita anemia cenderung memiliki kadar hemoglobin rendah. Hemoglobin berfungsi mengedarkan oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Ketika kadar hemoglobin berkurang, maka pengangkutan oksigen ke beberapa organ tubuh akan terganggu sehingga memicu kondisi hipoksia yang dapat memicu kegagalan multi organ terutama organ pernapasan. Selain itu muncul dugaan bahwa COVID-19 dapat merusak rantai hemoglobin dan menyebabkan kerusakan sel darah merah sehingga memperburuk keadaan.

Dalam penelitian lain, menyebutkan bahwa pasien yang memiliki anemia memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami COVID-19 dengan penyakit kardiovaskular, hipertensi, penyakit ginjal, diabetes dan kanker. Selain itu, angka kematian pada pasien anemia yang mengidap COVID-19 juga lebih tinggi dibanding pasien yang tidak mengalami anemia. Penelitian tersebut juga menyebutkan bahwa pasien anemia cenderung mengalami perburukan dan dirawat di ICU dan membutuhkan ventilator.

 

Begitu pentingnya peran darah pada sistem tubuh sehingga saat terjadi anemia kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan sejumlah gangguan kesehatan. Untuk mencegah anemia, perbanyak konsumsi makanan yang mengandung zat besi dan vitamin B serta lakukan gaya hidup sehat seperti kurangi alkohol dan perbanyak olahraga dan istirahat. Jika tubuh sering menunjukkan gejala anemia seperti sakit kepala dan pusing, pucat, nyeri dada, maka segera hubungi dokter untuk mendapat penanganan.

 

Mau tahu informasi dan artikel kesehatan mengenai penyakit Covid-19? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 20:14
  1. Tao Z, Xu J, Chen W, Yang Z, Xu X, Liu L, Chen R, Xie J, Liu M, Wu J, Wang H, Liu J. Anemia is associated with severe illness in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2021 Mar;93(3):1478-1488. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26444. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PMID: 32813298; PMCID: PMC7461220.
  2. Taneri PE, Gómez-Ochoa SA, Llanaj E, Raguindin PF, Rojas LZ, Roa-Díaz ZM, Salvador D Jr, Groothof D, Minder B, Kopp-Heim D, Hautz WE, Eisenga MF, Franco OH, Glisic M, Muka T. Anemia and iron metabolism in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 Aug;35(8):763-773. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00678-5. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32816244; PMCID: PMC7438401.
  3. Benoit JL, Benoit SW, de Oliveira MHS, Lippi G, Henry BM. Anemia and COVID-19: A prospective perspective. J Med Virol. 2021 Feb;93(2):708-711. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26530. Epub 2020 Sep 30. PMID: 32949170; PMCID: PMC7536957
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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