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Apa itu Penyakit Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ketahui Gejala dan Penyebabnya

Apa itu Penyakit Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ketahui Gejala dan Penyebabnya
Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Rheumatoid arthritis adalah penyakit autoimun yang menyerang sendi. Kemunculan penyakit ini biasanya perlahan yang lama kelamaan menimbulkan bengkak dan nyeri sendi. Penyakit ini dapat mengenai organ lain seperti kulit dan paru. Ketahui apa penyebab dan juga gejalanya.

 

Penyebab Rheumatoid Arthritis

Secara umum rheumatoid arthritis digambarkan sebagai gangguan autoimun yang menyebabkan peradangan kronis. Gangguan ini dapat memengaruhi persendian. Pada beberapa orang, kondisi ini juga merusak berbagai organ tubuh lain seperti kulit, mata, paru-paru, jantung dan pembuluh darah.

Soal penyebab rheumatoid arthritis, para ilmuwan tidak tahu pasti apa penyebabnya. Kombinasi faktor genetika, hormon dan lingkungan diduga sebagai pemicunya.

Umumnya, sistem kekebalan tubuh akan melindungi tubuh dari penyakit. Namun sistem kekebalan tubuh orang dengan rheumatoid arthritis justru menyerang persendian tubuh sendiri.

Selain itu, ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko rheumatoid arthritis, di antaranya:

  • Jenis kelamin pria lebih mungkin mengalami rheumatoid arthritis
  • Usia
  • Riwayat keluarga dengan rheumatoid arthritis
  • Kebiasaan merokok
  • Berat badan berlebih atau obesitas

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Tanda dan Gejala Umum Osteoarthritis (Pengapuran Sendi)

 

Gejala Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis memengaruhi orang dengan cara berbeda. Pada beberapa orang, gejalanya berkembang selama beberapa tahun. Sebagian orang lainnya mungkin berkembang lebih cepat.

Berikut adalah beberapa gejala umum rheumatoid arthritis, di antaranya:

  • Nyeri, pembengkakan, kekakuan dan sendi yang lembek
  • Kekakuan sendi terutama pada pagi hari setelah duduk dalam waktu yang lama
  • Nyeri dan kekakuan pada sendi di kedua sisi tubuh
  • Kelelahan ekstrem
  • Tubuh terasa lemah
  • Demam

Keluhan gejala pada sendi bisa berawal dari sendi kaki yang menimbulkan berbagai keluhan seperti:

  • Nyeri pada pergelangan kaki saat berjalan di tanjakan
  • Nyeri pada tumit dan tulang kering saat berjalan di atas permukaan jalan yang tidak rata
  • Adanya perubahan bentuk telapak, jari dan kuku kaki sehingga sulit memakai sepatu

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Gejala Osteoarthritis, Peradangan pada Persendian

 

Apakah Rheumatoid Arthritis adalah Penyakit Berbahaya?

Rheumatoid arthritis pada dasarnya bukan penyakit yang berbahaya. Namun, tanpa pengobatan maka penyakit ini bisa menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi seperti osteoporosis, meningkatnya risiko infeksi lainnya, meningkatkan risiko mata dan mulut kering, munculnya benjolan kecil di area persendian atau bahkan jantung dan paru-paru, risiko sindrom terowongan karpal, problem jantung, penyakit paru-paru dan meningkatnya risiko kanker limfoma.

Dengan adanya risiko tersebut sebaiknya Anda memeriksakan diri bila gejala nyeri pada persendian dirasakan secara berulang lebih dari satu kali dalam sebulan. Anda mungkin membutuhkan tes darah, rontgen, CT scan atau MRI.

Rheumatoid arthritis mungkin tidak dapat dihilangkan, namun pengobatan dapat membantu mengurangi rasa nyeri dan peradangan serta mencegah kerusakan sendi atau komplikasi lebih lanjut.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 29 Mei 2024 | 05:48

Tim Promkes RSST (2022). Rematoid Arthritis. Available from: https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/470/rematoid-arthritis

Mayo Clinic (2023). Rheumatoid arthritis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353648

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Rheumatoid Arthritis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4924-rheumatoid-arthritis

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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