Dampak Jangka Panjang Bullying (Perundungan) pada Anak dan Remaja

Dampak Jangka Panjang Bullying (Perundungan) pada Anak dan Remaja
Ilustrasi perundungan pada anak. Credits: Freepik.

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Bullying atau perundungan adalah perilaku negatif yang mencakup tindakan fisik, kata-kata kasar, mengabaikan atau meremehkan seseorang. Bullying bisa terjadi di mana saja, seperti di tempat kerja, di dalam keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, bahkan secara online (cyberbullying).

Tindakan bullying memiliki dampak yang serius, baik bagi korban maupun pelaku. Bullying bisa menyebabkan cedera fisik atau trauma emosional pada korban dan bahkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan jangka panjang.

 

Dampak Jangka Panjang Bullying

Bullying (perundungan) adalah masalah serius yang bisa berdampak negatif baik secara fisik maupun emosional, di antaranya:

Masalah kesehatan mental

Korban perundungan sangat berisiko mengalami masalah kesehatan mental seperti depresi, kecemasan, gangguan makan, merasa tidak berdaya dan putus asa akibat perundungan yang dihadapinya, serta gangguan PTSD pada kondisi berat.

PTSD (Gangguan Stres Pasca-Trauma) adalah masalah kesehatan mental serius yang dapat berkembang sebagai respons terhadap pengalaman traumatis, termasuk perundungan. Seiring menumpuknya perasaan negatif yang mereka rasakan, hal-hal tersebut bisa bermanifestasi menjadi masalah kesehatan mental.

Gangguan ini bisa memengaruhi seseorang dengan cara yang berbeda-beda, gejalanya, bahkan tidak langsung muncul dan baru muncul beberapa bulan setelah pengalaman traumatis atau bertahun-tahun kemudian.

Tanda-Tanda PTSD pada anak bisa berupa:

  • Salah mengingat urutan waktu ketika berusaha mengingat ingatan traumatis
  • Pengulangan peristiwa traumatis dalam bentuk gambar, lukisan atau teatrikal
  • Perasaan menyesal bahwa sebenarnya ia bisa mencegah hal itu terjadi
  • Mengalami mimpi buruk
  • Mudah marah atau iritabel
  • Terlihat sedih atau takut yang berkepanjangan

Tanda-Tanda PTSD pada remaja bisa berupa:

  • Pengulangan ingatan atau pemikiran akan kejadian traumatik
  • Memiliki perasaan bahwa kejadian yang dialaminya akan terulang kembali
  • Menghindari orang atau tempat yang mengingatkan akan kejadian perundungan
  • Mudah marah atau tersinggung
  • Mudah terkejut
  • Menyalahkan diri sendiri
  • Menutup diri dan memutus hubungan dari orang lain
  • Kesulitan memiliki emosi positif
  • Selalu menghindari sesuatu yang berisiko atau sebaliknya berperilaku yang berisiko

Baca Juga: Ketahui Tanda-Tanda dan Faktor Penyebab PTSD

Memiliki harga diri yang rendah

Salah satu dampak psikologis lainnya adalah harga diri yang rendah. Seseorang yang terus-menerus mengalami perundungan dapat mengembangkan perasaan negatif tentang diri sendiri dan mulai memercayai kata-kata atau tindakan negatif yang ditujukan pada mereka. Akhirnya, mereka mulai memiliki harga diri menjadi rendah dan merasa bahwa mereka tidak cukup baik.

Dampak dari harga diri rendah dapat memengaruhi berbagai aspek, termasuk hubungan sosial, kinerja akademik atau pekerjaan, serta kesejahteraan emosional. Orang dengan harga diri rendah mungkin merasa kurang percaya diri sehingga memengaruhi potensi diri.

Mengulang siklus perundungan

Perundungan dapat menjadi siklus berulang, di mana korban dapat menjadi penindas di masa depan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena korban yang mengalami perundungan mungkin menyerap perilaku dan pola pikir yang telah dialami kemudian diterapkan pada orang lain.

Siklus ini sangat merusak karena dapat menjadi mata rantai yang tidak putus. Sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang dampak perundungan sehingga korban yang mengalamipun bisa memahami bahwa apa yang mereka alami tak seharusnya dialami orang lain.

 

Cara Mencegah Bullying di Sekolah

Ada banyak kasus bullying yang terjadi di sekolah dan hal ini menjadi sesuatu yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian lebih baik dari orang tua maupun sekolah. Untuk mencegah bullying di sekolah, Anda bisa melakukan hal-hal ini:

  • Mengajarkan pada anak hubungan pertemanan yang sehat
  • Mengenali tanda-tanda saat anak mengalami bullying
  • Memiliki kebiasaan sehat terutama dalam hal memberikan kritik atau bercanda yang sehat, tanpa teriakan, tanpa kekerasan
  • Memahami aturan di sekolah terkait perundungan
  • Melaporkan perundungan yang dialami anak di sekolah dan membicarakan bersama wali kelas serta wali murid cara mengatasinya

Baca Juga: Tips Bagi Orang Tua bila Anak Remajanya Dibully

Anak-anak dan remaja mungkin mengalami kesulitan dalam mengatasi perundungan yang telah dialaminya. Apabila ada tanda-tanda PTSD yang terlihat pada anak, segera bantu anak mendapatkan terapi dan konseling dengan dokter atau psikiater. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store terkait perundungan atau kesehatan mental anak dan remaja.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 7 Mei 2024 | 04:35

MentalHelp.net. The long-term effects of Bullying. Available from: https://www.mentalhelp.net/abuse/long-term-effects-of-bullying/ 

American Psychological Association. Bullying. Available from: https://www.apa.org/topics/bullying 

Michelle Risser, LISW-S (2023). Can Someone Develop PTSD From Bullying. Available from: https://www.choosingtherapy.com/ptsd-from-bullying/ 

R. Ayoub, et al(2021). The relationship between self-esteem and bullying behavior among adolescent in tunisia. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/relationship-between-selfesteem-and-bullying-behavior-among-adolescent-in-tunisia/669189DA63ED462EC9A986DBDC302D2F 

Sherri Gordon (2020). 10 Ways to Prevent School Bullying. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/ways-to-prevent-school-bullying-460755 

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 2049
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1089 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4716 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4716
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.24msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6130
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.41msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6471 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6471
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9980 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9980
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10037 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9738 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9738
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        Date ↕MethodURLData
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