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Kenali Gejala Osteoarthritis, Peradangan pada Persendian

Kenali Gejala Osteoarthritis, Peradangan pada Persendian
Credit: Freepik. Osteoarthritis adalah salah satu masalah tulang yang banyak dialami para lansia.

Bagikan :


Osteoarthritis adalah salah satu masalah tulang yang banyak dialami para lansia atau usia dewasa di atas 40 tahun. Sering kali keluhan osteoarthritis dianggap sama dengan penyakit asam urat padahal keduanya adalah penyakit yang berbeda. Lantas, apa saja gejala osteoarthritis?

 

Apa Itu Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis adalah salah satu jenis peradangan sendi yang paling umum. Penyakit ini umumnya terjadi seiring bertambahnya usia. Osteoarthritis juga dikenal denan nama lain penyakit sendi degeneratif, atau arthtritis degeneratif.

Sendi adalah titik penghubung antara kedua tulang. Pada ujung tulang terdapat tulang rawan yang bertugas melindungi ujung tulang. Namun ketika seseorang mengalami osteoarthritis, tulang rawan ini akan rusak dan menyebabkan tulang persendian bergesekan. Akibatnya, Anda merasakan nyeri, kaku, dan sulit bergerak.

Banyak yang menganggap osteoarthritis selalu terjadi di persendian, namun sebenarnya hal ini bisa terjadi di persendian mana pun seperti tangan, jari, bahu, pinggang dan leher atau punggung bagian bawah.

 

Gejala Osteoarthritis 

Berbeda dengan jenis arthritis lainnya, rasa nyeri pada osteoarthritis biasanya berkembang secara perlahan seiring berjalannya waktu. Gejala osteoarthritis dapat berkembang selama berbulan-bulan bahkan tahunan. Beberapa gejala osteoarthritis yang sering muncul antara lain:

 

Muncul rasa sakit dan kaku pada persendian. Pada osteoarthritis, sendi yang mengalami peradangan akan terasa sakit ketika digerakkan. Rasa sakit dapat bertahan beberapa saat setelah Anda mencoba menggerakkan sendi tersebut. Selain itu sendi juga akan terasa kaku saat bangun tidur atau ketika lama tidak digerakkan.

Sendi terasa lunak. Ketika sendi yang meradang diberi tekanan, maka persendian akan terasa lunak.

Berkurangnya fleksibilitas. Pada osteoarthritis, Anda mungkin tidak dapat menggerakkan sendi Anda secara leluasa seperti ketika sebelum terjadi peradangan.

Sendi berbunyi ketika digerakkan. Jika Anda mendengar suara klik atau suara seperti retakan ketika persendian digerakkan, maka kemungkinan Anda mengalami osteoarthritis.

Terbentuknya taji tulang. Di sekitar persendian yang mengalami peradangan, Anda dapat merasakan pertumbuhan tulang yang terasa seperti benjolan keras. Namun umumnya benjolan ini tidak terasa sakit.

Gejala osteoarthritis berkembang secara perlahan sehingga Anda mungkin tidak menyadarinya. Gejala osteoarthritis terasa seperti datang dan pergi, tergantung dari tingkat aktivitas dan cuaca. Pada beberapa kasus, gejala dapat terasa berkelanjutan dan terus-menerus.

Meskipun gejala osteoarthritis paling banyak dirasakan di lutut, namun peradangan sendi ini juga dapat terjadi di pinggul dan tangan. Jika peradangan sendi terjadi di lutut, kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi salah satu atau kedua lutut. Anda akan merasa kesakitan ketika berjalan, atau saat naik turun tangga.

Ketika osteoarthritis terjadi di pinggul, Anda akan kesulitan menggerakkan sendi pinggul yang menyebabkan kesulitan membungkuk, memakai sepatu dan kaos kaki atau mengubah posisi dari duduk ke berdiri.

Apabila osteoarthritis terjadi di tangan, biasanya peradangan ini akan berpengaruh pada dasar ibu jari, persendian yang paling dekat dengan ujung jari, dan sendi tengah jari-jari. Jari-jari Anda dapat terasa kaku, nyeri dan bengkak serta muncul benjolan. Hal ini menyebabkan Anda mengalami kesulitan menulis, memutar kunci atau membuka toples.

 

Penanganan Osteoarthritis

Pada dasarnya, belum ada obat-obatan untuk mengatasi osteoarthritis. Pada kasus osteoarthritis ringan hingga sedang, penanganan arthritis dilakukan dengan mengombinasikan obat-obatan pereda nyeri dan antiperadangan nonsteroid serta perubahan gaya hidup seperti olahraga, makan makanan sehat dan mengurangi berat badan jika kegemukan.

Bila diperlukan, dokter juga dapat menyarankan penggunaan alat khusus seperti tongkat, alat bantu jalan, atau braces pada badan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:32

CDC. Osteoarthritis (OA). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm#

NHS. Osteoarthritis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/

Whelan, C., Heitz, D., Higuera, V. (2021). Everything You Need to Know About Osteoarthritis (OA). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/osteoarthritis

Cleveland Clinic. Osteoarthritis. Avaiable from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5599-osteoarthritis

 

Kementerian Kesehatan. Kenali Gejala Umum Osteoarthritis (OA). Available from: https://upk.kemkes.go.id/new/kenali-gejala-umum-osteoarthritis-oa

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5316
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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