Apa Itu Obat Antidepresan dan Manfaatnya?

Apa Itu Obat Antidepresan dan Manfaatnya?
Ilustrasi obat antidepresan. Credits: Freepik

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Antidepresan adalah obat untuk membantu mengatasi berbagai kondisi kesehatan mental, seperti depresi dan kecemasan. Obat ini tidak tersedia secara bebas dan termasuk dalam kategori obat resep, sehingga hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter dan harus digunakan sesuai dengan petunjuk yang diberikan.

 

Apa itu Obat Antidepresan?

Obat antidepresan adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati gangguan mental, terutama depresi. Obat ini juga sering diresepkan untuk kondisi kesehatan mental lain seperti gangguan kecemasan, gangguan obsesif kompulsif, gangguan stres pasca trauma, dan juga beberapa jenis nyeri kronis.

Obat antidepresan bekerja dengan mempengaruhi kadar neurotransmitter di otak, yaitu senyawa kimia yang berperan dalam mengirimkan sinyal antar sel saraf. Dengan meningkatkan kadar neurotransmitter, maka kadar serotonin, noreponefrin, dan dopamin juga bisa meningkat, yang dapat membantu memperbaiki komunikasi antar sel saraf.

Hal ini mengembalikan keseimbangan kimiawi yang terganggu selama depresi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan suasana hati, mengurangi kecemasan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk menikmati aktivitas sehari-hari.

Perlu diketahui bahwa efektivitas antidepresan berbeda-beda pada setiap orang. Selain itu, biasanya dibutuhkan waktu beberapa minggu untuk merasakan manfaat dari pengobatan ini.

Baca Juga: Tanda Depresi Ringan yang Bisa Dialami Sehari-Hari

 

Manfaat Mengonsumsi Obat Antidepresan

Terdapat beberapa jenis obat antidepresan, masing-masing obat memiliki mekanisme kerja yang berbeda. Beberapa antidepresan yang paling umum digunakan meliputi:

  1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  2. Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
  3. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  4. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Secara umum, obat antidepresan memiliki beberapa manfaat yang penting, di antaranya:

Mengurangi gejala depresi

Manfaat utama obat antidepresan adalah membantu mengurangi gejala depresi, seperti perasaan sedih terus-menerus, kehilangan minat akan aktivitas yang biasanya disukai, gangguan tidur, hingga perubahan nafsu makan.

Meningkatkan fungsi harian

Depresi sering memengaruhi aktivitas harian dan membuat Anda sulit menjalaninya. Dengan antidepresan, fungsi harian seperti bekerja, bersosialisasi, dan merawat diri sendiri dapat berfungsi secara normal.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Fisik Saat Pria Mengalami Depresi

Mengurangi kecemasan

Beberapa jenis antidepresan seperti SSRIs dan SNRIs juga efektif dalam mengobati gangguan kecemasan. Mereka dapat membantu meredakan gejala kecemasan seperti cemas berlebihan, serangan panik, dan gejala fisik yang terkait.

Membantu mengatasi gangguan lain

Selain depresi dan kecemasan, antidepresan juga sering digunakan untuk mengobati gangguan mental lainnya, seperti gangguan obsesif-kompulsif (OCD), gangguan makan, nyeri kronis, dan gangguan stres pascatrauma (PTSD). Dalam kasus ini, antidepresan membantu mengurangi gejala utama yang dirasakan.

Mencegah kambuhnya depresi

Bagi banyak orang, antidepresan digunakan sebagai terapi jangka panjang untuk mencegah kambuhnya depresi. Obat ini perlu dikonsumsi secara konsisten sesuai dengan resep dan petunjuk dokter, untuk membantu menjaga suasana hati dan mengurangi risiko munculnya kembali gejala yang lebih parah.

 

Perlu diingat bahwa obat antidepresan bukanlah obat yang dijual bebas dan tidak boleh dikonsumsi sembarangan tanpa resep dan petunjuk dokter. Penggunaan antidepresan dapat menyebabkan efek samping seperti mual, pusing, penambahan berat badan, dan gangguan tidur.

Jika Anda mengalami gejala depresi atau gangguan kecemasan, langkah pertama yang perlu dilakukan adalah berkonsultasi dengan psikiater atau psikolog. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduh aplikasinya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 29 Oktober 2024 | 19:27

Health Direct (2023). Antidepressants. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/antidepressants 

Medline Plus (2022). Antidepressants. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Antidepressants. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9301-antidepressants-depression-medication 

NHS Inform (2024). Antidepressants. Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/medicines-and-medical-aids/types-of-medicine/antidepressants/ 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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