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Penyebab Rabun Senja (Nyctalopia), Sulit Melihat di Tempat Gelap

Penyebab Rabun Senja (Nyctalopia), Sulit Melihat di Tempat Gelap
Credits: Freepik. Rabun senja atau rabun ayam disebut nyctalopia dalam istilah medisnya.

Bagikan :


Selain rabun dekat dan rabun jauh, Anda juga perlu tahu tentang suatu kondisi yang dikenal dengan istilah rabun senja. Seperti apakah rabun senja dan penyebabnya, berikut adalah ulasannya.

 

Apa itu Rabun Senja?

Rabun senja atau rabun ayam disebut nyctalopia dalam istilah medisnya. Rabun senja adalah ketidakmampuan untuk melihat dengan baik di malam hari, atau dalam kondisi yang minim pencahayaan seperti di dalam bioskop atau cafe.

Kondisi ini juga sering dikaitkan dengan ketidakmampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan cepat dari lingkungan yang terang ke lingkungan yang kurang penerangannya.

Rabun senja bukan termasuk penyakit, melainkan tanda adanya masalah pada mata, biasanya masalah pada retina. Normalnya, mata akan menyesuaikan diri secara terus-menerus dengan pencahayaan yang ada.

Saat berada di lingkungan dengan cahaya redup atau tidak ada cahaya, maka pupil akan melebar sehingga ada banyak cahaya yang bisa masuk ke dalam mata. Cahaya tersebut kemudian diterima oleh retina.

Sel kerucut di dalam retina akan membantu melihat warna, sedangkan sel batang membantu melihat dalam gelap. Ketika sel batang tidak berfungsi dengan baik karena adanya penyakit, cedera atau kondisi tertentu, maka Anda tidak dapat melihat dengan baik dalam gelap.

 

Penyebab Rabun Senja

Ada banyak kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan rabun senja, di antaranya:

Rabun Jauh (Miopi)

Rabun jauh adalah kondisi ketika Anda kesulitan melihat objek yang jauh, namun dapat melihat objek yang dekat lebih jelas. Kondisi ini berkembang secara bertahap maupun cepat, dan biasanya diturunkan di dalam keluarga.

Glaukoma

Glaukoma adalah kondisi kelainan pada mata yang terjadi akibat kerusakan saraf optik atau saraf penglihatan. Saraf penglihatan dapat mengalami kerusakan akibat adanya peningkatan tekanan bola mata yang tidak normal. Glaukoma menjadi penyebab utama kebutaan bagi orang berusia di atas 60 tahun.

Katarak

Katarak menyebabkan penglihatan menjadi berkabut dan menyebabkan kesulitan melihat saat mengemudi, melihat di malam hari, melihat ekspresi wajah orang atau ketika membaca. Katarak adalah kondisi yang sering terjadi akibat proses penuaan.

Kekurangan Vitamin A

Kekurangan vitamin A seringkali menjadi dasar sejumlah masalah dengan penglihatan, yang juga menyebabkan rabun senja. Dengan tercukupinya vitamin A, maka kesehatan mata akan terjaga.

Keratoconus

Keratoconus terjadi ketika kornea mengalami penipisan dan secara bertahap menonjol keluar membentuk kerucut. Pembentukan menjadi kerucut ini menyebabkan penglihatan menjadi kabur, dan mata lebih peka terhadap cahaya.

 

Cara Mencegah Rabun Senja

Rabun senja yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik tidak dapat dicegah. Namun beberapa kondisi seperti kekurangan vitamin A, katarak atau glaukoma dapat dicegah dengan melakukan beberapa hal berikut:

Mengonsumsi Vitamin A Sesuai Kebutuhan

Vitamin A adalah nutrisi yang penting untuk penglihatan, pertumbuhan, reproduksi, sel-sel mata dan juga kekebalan tubuh. Kandungan antioksidan di dalamnya juga dapat membantu melawan radikal bebas di dalam tubuh.

Vitamin A dapat ditemukan pada beragam jenis makanan seperti bayam, produk susu, hati sapi atau unggas, dan sayuran hijau lainnya. Untuk bisa mendapatkan manfaatnya, pria dewasa disarankan mengonsumsi 900 mcg vitamin A, sedangkan wanita dewasa disarankan mengonsumsi 700 mcg vitamin A.

Menggunakan Kacamata 

Kacamata melindungi mata dari paparan sinar UV yang meningkatkan risiko katarak, degenerasi makula dan glaukoma. Untuk mendapatkan perlindungan yang terbaik, pastikan kacamata yang digunakan dapat memblokir 99% sinar UVA dan UVB, melindungi mata dari berbagai sisi, dan memfilter sinar biru 75% hingga 90%.

Berolahraga Secara Rutin

Olahraga secara rutin dapat menurunkan risiko masalah pada penglihatan. Olahraga juga dapat menurunakan tekanan bola mata dan kadar gula darah.

 

Selain tindakan pencegahan di atas, sebaiknya Anda juga memeriksakan diri ke dokter mata apabila mengalami masalah di mata, seperti seringkali sakit kepala, mata terasa lelah atau tegang, atau adanya gangguan penglihatan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:36

Cleveland Clinic (2020). Night Blindness (Nyctalopia). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/10118-night-blindness-nyctalopia

WebMD (2022). What Is Night Blindness?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/night-blindness

Mayo Clinic (2021). Keratoconus. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keratoconus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351352

 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Vitamin A. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-vitamin-a/art-20365945

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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