Kenali Penyebab Keterbatasan Rentang Gerak pada Sendi

Kenali Penyebab Keterbatasan Rentang Gerak pada Sendi
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Rentang gerak (range of motion) adalah kemampuan Anda untuk menggerakkan dan meregangkan sendi dan otot pada tubuh. Masing-masing persendian memiliki rentang gerak yang berbeda. Begitu juga dengan setiap individu, mereka memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam menggerakkan persendian tersebut. Misalnya, tidak semua orang bisa melakukan split atau gerakan akrobatik lainnya.

Adanya penurunan rentang gerak normal di salah satu sendi dikenal dengan istilah keterbatasan rentang gerak (limited range of motion). Penurunan atau keterbatasan ini dapat menurun akibat bertambahnya usia, namun bisa juga disebabkan oleh hal lain seperti masalah kesehatan.

 

Penyebab Keterbatasan Rentang Gerak (Limited Range of Motion)

Jika Anda amati masing-masing persendian dalam tubuh, Anda akan mendapati setiap sendi mampu bergerak atau berputar sesuai bentuk persendian. Rentang gerak memiliki acuan standar normal untuk menentukan apakah suatu sendi dapat bergerak normal atau tidak.

Misalnya, persendian lutut dikatakan normal apabila dapat digerakkan, ditekuk dari 0o hingga 130-145 derajat. Lutut yang normal juga dapat direntangkan hingga benar-benar lurus. Jenis kelamin dan faktor usia turut memengaruhi rentang gerak sendi seseorang. Jadi, apabila gerakan persendian Anda di bawah standar normal, bisa dikatakan Anda mengalami keterbatasan rentang gerak (limited range of motion).

Keterbatasan rentang gerak ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya masalah dalam sendi, seperti pembengkakan jaringan sekitar sendi atau karena karena ligamen yang kaku dan nyeri. Berikut adalah beberapa kondisi medis yang dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya rentang gerak sendi, antara lain:

  • Ankylosing spondylitis, penyakit peradangan sendi pada tulang belakang yang seiring berjalannya waktu membuat tulang-tulangnya menyatu.
  • Osteoarthritis (OA), jenis peradangan sendi yang banyak ditemukan, berhubungan dengan usia tua dan keausan sendi.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), penyakit autoimun yang membuat sel kekebalan tubuh berbalik menyerang sendi tubuh yang sehat. Peradangan sendi ini umumnya terjadi di dua sisi tubuh dan menyebabkan kehancuran sendi. 
  • Fraktur atau patah tulang.
  • Infeksi sendi.
  • Tortikolis, yaitu kelainan bawaan di mana otot leher bayi kaku, membuat kepala mereka miring ke satu sisi, dll.

 

Terkadang keterbatasan gerak persendian ini terjadi tanpa disadari. Jika kaki-kaki atau persendian Anda tidak bisa diluruskan atau Anda mengalami kesulitan menggerakkan persendian sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Dokter akan memeriksa persendian Anda dan mengukur derajat pergerakan yang bisa dilakukan. Pada penyakit tertentu bila diperlukan, dokter juga akan memeriksa otot, tulang dan melakukan pemeriksaan rontgen untuk melihat area tulang dan sendi yang mengalami keluhan. Setelah pemeriksaan, dokter dapat merekomendasikan fisioterapi untuk mengembalikan rentang gerak tubuh menjadi normal.

Keterbatasan rentang gerak menyebabkan persendian kaku dan sulit bergerak. Untuk mencegahnya, Anda bisa melakukan latihan-latihan untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas sendi. Sebelum menjalani latihan tersebut, konsultasikan dengan dokter agar Anda mendapat latihan yang sesuai dengan kondisi tubuh.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:01
Tags : arthritis range of motion rentang gerak sendi

O’Connell, K. (2019). What Is Limited Range of Motion?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/limited-range-of-motion

MEdline Plus. Limited range of motion. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003173.htm

Mount Sinai. Limited Range of Motion. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/limited-range-of-motion#

Quinn, E. (2021). Generally Accepted Values for Normal Range of Motion (ROM) in Joints. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-normal-range-of-motion-in-a-joint-3120361#toc-limited-range-of-motion

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