Perbedaan Sirosis dan Kanker Hati

Perbedaan Sirosis dan Kanker Hati

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Sirosis hati dan kanker hati adalah dua penyakit serius yang menyerang hati. Banyak masyarakat menganggap sirosis dan kanker hati adalah penyakit yang sama. Meskipun keduanya berhubungan, namun sebenarnya sirosis dan kanker hati memiliki penyebab dan penanganan yang berbeda. 

Perbedaan sirosis dan kanker hati

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, sirosis hati adalah stadium akhir dari kerusakan hati dimana muncul jaringan parut pada hati yang sehat sehingga mengalami luka. Jaringan parut ini dapat disebabkan oleh kebiasaan minum alkohol, paparan infeksi dan penyakit liver yang berkepanjangan. 

Munculnya jaringan parut di hati dapat menghambat aliran darah yang melalui hati, memperlambat kemampuan hati dalam menetralisir racun dan mengolah nutrisi. Bila sirosis dibiarkan tanpa penanganan, sirosis dapat memicu kondisi gagal hati kronis yang menyebabkan hati berhenti bekerja. 

Sementara itu kanker hati atau yang dikenal dengan istilah hepatoma adalah kondisi ketika sel kanker tumbuh di organ hati. Sel kanker dapat tumbuh dan bermutasi karena banyak hal, salah satunya adalah karena kerusakan sel hati yang kronis dan sirosis yang tidak ditangani dengan baik. 

Gejala sirosis dan kanker hati

Pada penyakit hati stadium awal umumnya tidak ada perbedaan gejala mendasar antara kanker hati dan sirosis. Gejala sirosis yang timbul umumnya sering rancu dengan penyakit lain. 

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, beberapa gejala sirosis di antaranya:

  • Kelelahan
  • Mudah berdarah dan memar
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Bengkak di kaki, telapak atau pergelangan kaki
  • Penumpukan cairan di perut
  • Perubahan warna urine menjadi kuning atau cokelat pekat
  • Pada wanita bisa mengalami menopause dini dan pada pria dapat mengalami pengecilan testis dan kehilangan gairah seksual 

Gejala sirosis hati umumnya disertai dengan nyeri perut. Rasa sakit yang dirasakan sering digambarkan seperti nyeri tusuk di bagian perut atas di bawah tulang iga. Nyeri perut dan rasa tidak nyaman juga sering dialami pengidap sirosis. Hal ini terkait dengan pembengkakan akibat penumpukan cairan tubuh dan membesarnya hati dan limpa akibat sirosis. 

Sementara itu, gejala kanker hati tidak jauh berbeda dengan sirosis hati, yaitu: 

  • Penurunan berat badan drastis
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Badan mudah lelah
  • Perubahan warna kulit menjadi kekuningan (jaundice)
  • Feses berubah warna menjadi keputihan 

Pengobatan sirosis dan kanker hati

Dalam menangani kanker hati, pengobatan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengangkat atau menghancurkan sel kanker agar berhenti berkembang. Beberapa terapi yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi kanker hati di antaranya operasi pengangkatan tumor, transplantasi hati, radiasi, imunoterapi, kemoterapi dan terapi target. 

Sedangkan pada sirosis, penanganan sirosis bergantung pada penyebab sirosis dan seberapa besar kerusakan hati yang dialami. Pengobatan sirosis hati yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mencegah kerusakan hati bertambah parah dan mengobati komplikasi yang muncul. 

Dilihat dari penyebabnya, beberapa cara mengatasi sirosis di antaranya: 

  • Sirosis akibat konsumsi alkohol: berhenti minum alkohol
  • Hepatitis B atau C: mengonsumsi obat antivirus hepatitis, melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B dan C
  • Perlemakan hati non-alkoholik: mengurangi berat badan, menjalani diet sehat, olahraga rutin

Sirosis dan kanker hati adalah dua penyakit yang berbeda namun keduanya saling berkaitan. Sirosis yang tidak ditangani dapat memicu kanker hati yang mematikan. Jika Anda memiliki faktor risiko dan mengalami gejala sirosis, maka segera konsultasikan ke dokter agar segera mendapat penanganan. 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 01:59

Claveland Clinic. Cirrhosis of the Liver (2020). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15572-cirrhosis-of-the-liver#symptoms-and-causes

Mayo Clinic. Liver cancer (2021). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353659

Mayo Clinic. Cirrhosis (2021). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351487

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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