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  • Makanan yang Perlu Dihindari bila Menderita Penyakit Ginjal

Makanan yang Perlu Dihindari bila Menderita Penyakit Ginjal

Makanan yang Perlu Dihindari bila Menderita Penyakit Ginjal
Ilustrasi buah-buahan dan kacang-kacangan. Credits: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Sangat penting untuk memperhatikan makanan yang akan dikonsumsi bagi pasien penyakit ginjal. Ginjal yang sudah terganggu dan mengalami penurunan fungsi mungkin mulai tidak dapat menyaring darah dengan baik.

Tanpa fungsi penyaringan yang baik, zat nutrisi yang seharusnya masih bisa diserap bisa keluar dari tubuh dan zat-zat yang seharusnya dibuang dapat menumpuk di dalam darah. Hal ini bisa berkontribusi terhadap perburukan kerusakan ginjal.

 

Makanan yang Perlu Dihindari bila Menderita Penyakit Ginjal

Makanan yang terlalu banyak garam

Individu dengan gangguan ginjal harus membatasi asupan natrium atau sodium. Mineral ini tidak hanya ditemukan pada garam, tetapi juga pada banyak makanan lain seperti makanan kemasan dan yang diawetkan. Selalu periksa label kemasan untuk mengetahui kadar sodium pada makanan tersebut.

Mengonsumsi makanan yang terlalu banyak garam dapat berdampak pada tekanan darah dan kesehatan ginjal. Pada pasien gangguan ginjal, garam dan cairan bisa menumpuk di tubuh dan bisa menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah, pembengkakan pada tungkai bawah, serta penumpukan cairan di area jantung dan paru.

Peningkatan beban kerja ginjal akibat asupan garam yang terlalu tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal progresif termasuk gagal ginjal. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar tidak mengonsumsi sodium lebih dari 2300 mg per hari. Batasi asupan cemilan bergaram dan makanan olahan seperti mie instan atau pizza.

 

Makanan tinggi kalium

Seiring perburukan penyakit, pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (CKD) perlu mengelola asupan kaliumnya. Ginjal yang sehat bisa mengelola penyerapan dan pembuangan kalium berlebih, namun tentunya fungsi penyaringan ini terganggu pada pasien penyakit ginjal. Penyakit ginjal kronis menyebabkan ginjal sulit mengeluarkan kalium yang berlebih di tubuh dengan efisien.

Kalium adalah mineral yang penting untuk berbagai fungsi seperti kontraksi otot, fungsi saraf, serta pemeliharaan keseimbangan dan elektrolit. Namun, terlalu banyak kalium menyebabkan hiperkalemia yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa masalah di antaranya:

  • Aritmia (ritme jantung tidak teratur)
  • Masalah saraf dan otak yang ditandai dengan kelemahan otot, mati rasa, kesemutan, kebingungan atau kejang
  • Gangguan saluran cerna seperti mual, muntah atau diare
  • Memperparah gejala penyakit ginjal yang sudah ada
  • Gagal ginjal akut
  • Kematian

Asupan kalium bisa dibatasi di bawah 2000 mg per hari. Hindari makanan yang tinggi kandungan kalium contohnya seperti aprikot kering, granola, cokelat, lentil, susu dan yogurt, gula tetes, kacang dan biji-bijian, selai kacang dan juga pengganti garam.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Gangguan Irama Jantung (Aritmia) yang Perlu Diketahui

 

Fosfor

Fosfor adalah mineral yang membantu pertumbuhan gigi dan tulang dan mengubah makanan menjadi energi. Namun, orang dengan penyakit ginjal disarankan untuk membatasi asupan fosfor karena tidak lagi bisa mengelola fosfor dengan baik.

Batasi asupan makanan yang tinggi kandungan fosfornya seperti bir, cola, permen cokelat dan karamel, minuman cokelat, produk susu, jeroan, tiram, sarden, telur ikan, makanan olahan, roti gandum utuh dan sereal.

Baca Juga: Kenali 8 Gejala Batu Ginjal Berikut Ini

 

Buah-buahan dan sayuran tertentu

Buah-buahan dan sayuran tertentu mungkin mengandung mineral yang terlalu tinggi seperti kalium. Buah-buahan dan sayuran ini sebaiknya dibatasi asupannya bila Anda menderita penyakit ginjal, di antaranya:

  • Alpukat
  • Pisang
  • Jeruk
  • Buah kering
  • Bit
  • Brokoli
  • Wortel
  • Sawi putih
  • Bayam
  • Jamur tiram
  • Jus sayuran
  • Kentang

Jika Anda memiliki penyakit ginjal, maka Anda perlu pemantauan teratur atas asupan makanan dan mengikuti pedoman diet yang telah direkomendasikan oleh dokter atau ahli gizi Anda. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 18 September 2023 | 07:40

Zia Sherrell, MPH (2023). What foods are bad for kidneys?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-foods-are-bad-for-kidneys 

WebMD (2023). Kidney Disease. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information 

UCLA Health. Disorders of Sodium Balance. Available from: https://www.uclahealth.org/programs/core-kidney/conditions-treated/acid-base-electrolytes/disorders-sodium-balance 

James L. Lewis III, MD (2022). Hypernatremia (High Level of Sodium in the Blood). Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hypernatremia-high-level-of-sodium-in-the-blood

National Kidney Foundation. Hyperkalemia (high potassium). Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/what-hyperkalemia 

Claire Sissons (2018). What is hyperphosphatemia?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320521 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3681 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4511 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 557 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 557
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new580μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10066 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10066
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8284 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8284
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3138 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9969
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10075
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10067 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10067
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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