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Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Gangguan Irama Jantung (Aritmia) yang Perlu Diketahui

Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Gangguan Irama Jantung (Aritmia) yang Perlu Diketahui
Credit: Freepik. Aritmia adalah gangguan irama jantung.

Bagikan :


Pernahkah Anda mendengar istilah aritmia jantung? Aritmia adalah gangguan kesehatan yang menyebabkan denyut jantung menjadi lebih cepat atau lebih lambat. Pada beberapa kasus kondisi aritmia tidak berbahaya, namun jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat kondisi ini dapat berbahaya dan menyebabkan kematian.

 

Apa Itu Aritmia?

Denyut atau irama jantung Anda dihasilkan oleh impuls listrik yang menjalar di rute yang sama di bagian dalam dan sekitar jantung Anda. Impuls ini dimulai dari nodus sinoatrial di bagian atas jantung lalu menjalar ke jaringan serat ke seluruh bilik jantung.

Kelistrikan ini memungkinkan bilik jantung memompa dan mengisi darah dalam urutan tertentu sehingga membuat darah terus mengalir ke seluruh tubuh Anda. Apabila ada gangguan pada irama jantung, kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah aritmia jantung.

Gejala aritmia dapat berbeda-beda antara satu orang dengan yang lain. Beberapa gejala aritmia yang sering muncul perlu Anda waspadai antara lain:

  • Jantung berdebar-debar
  • Nyeri dada atau sesak di dada
  • Pusing, lemas dan hampir pingsan
  • Badan kelelahan
  • Merasa cemas
  • Sesak napas

 

Jenis-Jenis Aritmia

Jenis aritmia dapat dibagi berdasarkan lokasi terjadinya. Apabila aritmia berawal di bilik jantung maka aritmia ini disebut ventricular. Jika aritmia terjadi di ruang atas maka aritmia ini dikenal dengan nama supraventricular.

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, jenis-jenis aritmia antara lain:

  • Aritmia supraventrikular

Aritmia supraventrikular adalah gangguan irama jantung yang terjadi di atrium jantung bagian atas. Aritmia ini dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu:

Atrial fibrilasi: Aritmia yang ditandai dengan detak jantung sangat cepat mencapai lebih dari 400 kali detak per menit. Darah yang berkumpul di dalam atrium seharusnya dialirkan ke ventrikel jantung, namun karena detak jantung sangat cepat, darah justru tidak dapat melewati atrium jantung.

Atrial flutter: Mirip dengan artrial fibrilasi, atrial flutter adalah aritmia dengan detak jantung dan impuls listrik yang lebih teratur. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh terganggunya sinyal kelistrikan di jantung karena adanya jaringan yang rusak.

Takikardia supraventrikural paroksismal (PSVT): Irama jantung cepat tetapi teratur yang berasal dari atrium. Jenis aritmia ini dimulai dan berakhir secara tiba-tiba.

  • Aritmia ventrikel

Aritmia ventrikel adalah aritmia yang terjadi di bilik jantung bagian bawah. Ada beberapa tipe aritmia ventrikular yang sering terjadi, antara lain:

Fibrilasi ventrikel

Fibrilasi ventrikel adalah kondisi gangguan listrik otot jantung pada bilik jantung sehingga aliran darah ke jantung berhenti. Akibatnya jantung kekurangan oksigen dan membuat detak jantung tidak normal. Jika tidak diatasi, pasien akan berisiko mengalami henti jantung yang dapat menyebabkan kematian.

 

Takikardia ventrikel

Takikardia ventrikel adalah aritmia yang terjadi ketika bilik jantung berdenyut sangat cepat, lebih dari 100 detak per menit. Saat aritmia ini terjadi, jantung tidak menerima oksigen dari seluruh tubuh karena darah dialirkan kembali ke organ tubuh lainnya. Akibatnya Anda akan mengalami pusing, sesak napas, hingga pingsan.

 

  • Bradyaritmia atau Bradikardia

Bradikardia adalah kondisi di mana detak jantung sangat rendah mencapai 60 kali per menit. Beberapa jenis bradikardia antara lain:

Sick sinus syndrome: Kondisi yang terjadi akibat sinus node yang bertugas untuk mengatur detak jantung tidak mengirimkan sinyal listrik dengan benar. Kondisi ini biasa dialami oleh lansia.

Conduction block: Aritmia jenis ini terjadi akibat adanya blokade pada jalur sinyal kelistrikan di jalur antara atrium dan ventrikel yang menyebabkan detak jantung melambat.

Aritmia dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor seperti kondisi kesehatan mental dan psikis, alergi, tekanan darah tinggi dan faktor lainnya. Apabila Anda merasa detak jantung melambat atau semakin cepat diiringi dengan sesak napas, pusing dan keluhan lainnya sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:18

WebMD. (2021). Arrhythmia. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/heart-disease-abnormal-heart-rhythm

Cleveland Clinic. Arrhytmia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16749-arrhythmia

Mayo Clinic. Heart Arrythmia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350668

Heart. Ventricular Fibrillation. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/ventricular-fibrillation

 

Klein, E. (2022). Everything You Want to Know About Arrhythmia. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9903
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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