Bahaya Kelebihan Vitamin B3 bagi Kesehatan Jantung

Bahaya Kelebihan Vitamin B3 bagi Kesehatan Jantung
Ilustrasi vitamin B3. Credit: Freepik

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Vitamin B3 termasuk salah satu vitamin yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Namun jika Anda mengonsumsi suplemen vitamin B seperti vitamin B3 atau niasin secara berlebihan, hal ini dapat berisiko bagi kesehatan jantung. 

 

Manfaat Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3 atau niasin adalah salah satu jenis vitamin yang dihasilkan dan digunakan tubuh untuk mengubah makanan menjadi energi. Vitamin B3 diketahui juga bermanfaat untuk mengatur sistem saraf dan pencernaan. Beberapa manfaat lain dari vitamin B3 bagi tubuh antara lain:

Menjaga kadar kolesterol dalam tubuh

Vitamin B3 banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan kolesterol. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa konsumsi vitamin B3 dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol baik serta menurunkan kolesterol jahat dan trigliserida dalam darah. Biasanya dokter akan meresepkan vitamin B3 dengan obat kolesterol jenis statin untuk membantu mengendalikan kolesterol.

Vitamin B3 atau niasin juga berperan dalam melepaskan hormon prostaglandin atau senyawa yang membantu melebarkan pembuluh darah sehingga menurunkan tekanan darah. Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan mengonsumsi vitamin B3 dosis tinggi dapat membantu mengurangi tekanan darah sistokik pada bilik kanan.

Membantu mengatasi diabetes tipe 1

Diabetes tipe 1 adalah jenis penyakit autoimun dimana sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang dan merusak sel penghasil insulin di pankreas. Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan niasin dapat membantu melindungi sel tersebut dan menurunkan risiko penyakit diabetes tipe 1 berkembang semakin parah.

Baca Juga: Manfaat Vitamin B Kompleks Selama Kehamilan

 

Bahaya Kelebihan Vitamin B3

Mengonsumsi vitamin B3 memiliki banyak manfaat bagi tubuh, namun sebaiknya Anda mengonsumsinya dalam anjuran dokter. Setiap orang memiliki kebutuhan vitamin B3 yang berbeda, tergantung pada usia dan kondisi kesehatannya. Berikut ini daftar kebutuhan vitamin B3 berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin:

  • Anak-anak: 2-16 mg per hari
  • Laki-laki: 16 mg per hari
  • Wanita: 14 mg per hari
  • Ibu hamil dan menyusui: 17-18 mg per hari

Mengonsumsi vitamin B3 melebihi anjuran dokter dapat memicu keracunan vitamin B3 yang menimbulkan efek samping pada kesehatan, salah satunya meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. Dilansir dari WebMD, sebuah penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada jurnal Nature Medicine menyebutkan bahwa sekitar 1 dari 4 orang yang mengonsumsi niasin mengalami kelebihan dosis. 

Ketika tubuh kelebihan niasin, proses ini akan menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa 4PY yang memicu peradangan pada sistem peredaran darah tubuh. Peradangan ini dapat merusak pembuluh darah sehingga memicu aterosklerosis yang dapat meningkatkan risiko stroke, serangan jantung, atau masalah jantung serius lainnya. 

Pemberian niasin pada pasien yang memiliki masalah kolesterol dan kardiovaskular perlu berhati-hati karena kelebihan vitamin B3 pada pasien kolesterol justru meningkatkan risiko masalah kardiovaskular. Bagi pasien yang diresepkan vitamin B3 bersama statin sebaiknya mengonsumsi obat dan suplemen sesuai anjuran dokter dan tidak menambahkan atau menguranginya sesuai dosis yang dianjurkan. 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Mengonsumsi Vitamin D3 dan Dosis yang Dibutuhkan

 

Gejala Kelebihan Vitamin B3

Jika Anda mengonsumsi niasin atau vitamin B3, Anda perlu mengetahui beberapa gejala kelebihan vitamin B3, di antaranya:

  • Ruam kulit kemerahan 
  • Detak jantung cepat
  • Gatal
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Sakit perut
  • Diare
  • Pegal

Bila mengalami gejala kelebihan vitamin B3 seperti di atas sebaiknya hentikan konsumsi vitamin B3 untuk sementara dan periksakan ke dokter. 

Vitamin B3 memiliki sejumlah manfaat bagi kesehatan, namun jika dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat memicu risiko penyakit jantung. Bila Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 17 Mei 2024 | 09:01

Edquist, D. Niacin Overdose: What are the Symptoms?. Available from: https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/faqs/niacin-overdose-what-are-the-symptoms?content_id=FAQ-20058075

Griffin, M. (2022). Niacin (Vitamin B3). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/supplement-guide-niacin

Kubala, J. (2020). Can You Overdose on Vitamins?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/can-you-overdose-on-vitamins

Johnson, L. (2022). Niacin Toxicity. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/vitamin-deficiency,-dependency,-and-toxicity/niacin-toxicity

Mayo Clinic. Niacin Overdose. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/niacin-overdose/faq-20058075

O’Mary, L. Excess Vitamin B3 is linked to an increased risk of Heart Disease. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20240220/excess-vitamin-b3-linked-increased-risk-of-heart-disease

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1088 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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