Apa Bahayanya Jika Minum Vitamin C Terlalu Banyak?

Apa Bahayanya Jika Minum Vitamin C Terlalu Banyak?

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Vitamin C adalah vitamin essensial yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Sebagai antioksidan, vitamin C banyak berperan dalam melawan peradangan serta menstimulasi sintesis kolagen dan neurotransmitter pembawa pesan antar sel saraf. Mengonsumsi makanan tinggi vitamin C tidak akan ada efek sampingnya, namun jika Anda mengonsumsi vitamin C dalam bentuk suplemen secara berlebihan maka ada risiko mengalami efek samping.

Dilansir Medical News Today, para ahli merekomendasikan konsumsi vitamin C sesuai dengan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG). Pria dewasa membutuhkan 90 mg vitamin C, dan wanita dewasa membutuhkan 75 mg vitamin C. Ketika konsumsi suplemen vitamin C melebihi angka rekomendasi, maka Anda akan mengalami beberapa efek samping seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut:

  • Diare
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Kram perut
  • Sakit kepala
  • Insomnia

Tubuh tidak menyerap semua vitamin C yang didapat dari suplemen. Misalnya ketika seseorang mengonsumsi 30-180 mg vitamin C setiap hari, maka tubuh hanya akan menyerap 70-90% dari vitamin tersebut. Menurut Office of Dietary Supplements Trusted Source (ODS), seperti dilansir Medical News Today, asupan maksimal vitamin C baik pria maupun wanita dewasa, termasuk ibu hamil dan menyusui adalah 2.000 mg.

Sedangkan untuk balita dan anak-anak, asupan maksimal vitamin C adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Anak usia 1-3 tahun 400 mg
  • Anak usia 4-8 tahun 650 mg
  • Anak usia 9-13 tahun 1.200 mg
  • Remaja usia 14-18 tahun 1.800 mg

Oleh karena itu, dapat muncul komplikasi kesehatan bila Anda terlalu banyak mengonsumsi suplemen vitamin C, antara lain:

  • Batu ginjal

Para ahli percaya bahwa mengonsumsi suplemen vitamin C secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan produksi oksalat dan asam urat pada urine. Kedua senyawa tersebut dapat memicu pembentukan batu ginjal. Sebuah jurnal Kidney International melaporkan bahwa seorang wanita memiliki batu ginjal setelah minum 4g vitamin C setiap hari selama 4 bulan lamanya di tahun 2006.

  • Nutrisi tidak seimbang

Salah satu efek samping lain mengonsumsi suplemen vitamin C berlebihan adalah hilangnya kemampuan tubuh menyerap nutrisi lainnya. Misalnya, vitamin C dapat menurunkan kadar vitamin B-12 dan tembaga di dalam tubuh. Selain itu, vitamin C juga dapat menurunkan penyerapan zat besi di dalam tubuh.

  • Menyebabkan pengapuran tulang

Menurut Arthritis Foundation, sebuah studi menemukan bahwa mengonsumsi vitamin C berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko pengapuran tulang. Selain itu, studi lain juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan risiko rheumatoid arthritis, dan nyeri peradangan sendi.

Untuk menurunkan risiko efek samping, Anda bisa mendapatkan asupan vitamin C melalui makanan bernutrisi. Seperti dilansir NHS UK, berikut adalah rekomendasi makanan yang kaya vitamin C:

  • Buah jeruk dan keluarga citrus lainnya
  • Cabai
  • Strawberry
  • Brokoli
  • Kentang, dll.

Jika memang tubuh membutuhkan asupan vitamin C tambahan dari suplemen, maka disarankan untuk tidak mengonsumsi berlebihan dan mengikuti dosis yang dianjurkan.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:06

Zeratsky, K. (2020). Is it possible to take too much vitamin C?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-c/faq-20058030

Nall, R. (2019). What happens when you take too much vitamin C?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326249

 

NHS UK. (2020). Vitamin C. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-c/

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9859
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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