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Ciri-Ciri Kentang yang Beracun dan Sebaiknya Tidak Dimakan

Ciri-Ciri Kentang yang Beracun dan Sebaiknya Tidak Dimakan
Credits: Freepik

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Pada kentang yang disimpan terlalu lama, Anda dapat melihat tumbuhnya tunas. Sebagian orang berpendapat kentang yang sudah bertunas tidak aman untuk dimakan dan beracun. Pendapat lain mengatakan, kentang bertunas aman dimakan asalkan membuang tunasnya.

Manakah pendapat yang benar? Ketahui jawabannya di dalam artikel berikut ini.

 

Racun Alami yang Terkandung di Dalam Kentang

Kentang mengandung glikoalkaloid, ini adalah senyawa alami yang ditemukan dalam keluarga tanaman Solanaceae seperti kentang, tomat dan terong. Di dalam kentang ada dua jenis glikoalkaloid yang disebut solanin dan chaconine, keduanya menjadi racun alami yang melindungi kentang dari hama.

Glikoalkaloid terbentuk ketika kentang mendapat paparan cahaya yang terlalu banyak dan bertunas. Konsentrasi tertingginya biasanya ditemukan pada daun, bunga, bagian kulit kentang yang berwarna hijau dan juga tunas kentang. Toksisitasnya meningkat jika tanaman kentang mengalami kerusakan, disimpan di tempat dengan suhu rendah serta terpapar cahaya yang terang.

Walaupun sebenarnya glikoalkaloid adalah jenis racun alami yang melindungi kentang dari hama, manusia yang memakannya juga berisiko keracunan.

Baca Juga: Hindari Makanan ini Bila Memiliki Masalah Asam Lambung

 

Gejala Keracunan Kentang

Racun dari kentang dapat menyebabkan beberapa gejala, di antaranya:

  • Muntah
  • Sakit perut
  • Diare
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kemerahan
  • Kebingungan
  • Demam
  • Turunnya suhu tubuh di bawah normal
  • Tekanan darah rendah
  • Dehidrasi

Pada kasus yang parah, keracunan kentang bisa sampai menyebabkan kematian. Untuk itu, bila gejala di atas muncul setelah Anda mengonsumsi kentang, terutama kentang yang berwarna hijau, maka disarankan untuk segera mencari pertolongan medis darurat di rumah sakit.

 

Ciri-Ciri Kentang yang Beracun dan Tak Boleh Dimakan

Kentang yang beracun memiliki beberapa ciri, di antaranya:

  • Tumbuhnya tunas dan kecambah.
  • Terbentuknya "mata" kentang, yaitu tonjolan kecil tempat umbi menumbuhkan tangkai baru.
  • Kulit dan bagian dalam kentang berwarna kehijauan

Selain beracun, kentang yang sudah membusuk atau basi juga sebaiknya tidak dimakan. Kentang yang tidak layak makan memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:

  • Kentang memiliki perubahan warna besar atau bercak berwarna hitam di beberapa bagian.
  • Kentang menjadi lunak atau lembek.
  • Kentang terasa pahit.
  • Kentang memiliki bau menyengat atau terlihat berjamur.

 

Cara Mencegah Kentang Agar tidak Beracun

Paparan cahaya berlebih dan juga suhu yang hangat dapat menyebabkan kentang berubah warna menjadi hijau. Perubahan warna hijau ini menandakan kentang mungkin beracun.

Untuk mencegah kentang agar tidak beracun, maka berikut adalah beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan:

  • Kentang segar tidak boleh disimpan di kulkas atau freezer
  • Kentang mentah sebaiknya disimpan di tempat yang kering, gelap dengan suhu yang sejuk.
  • Jauhkan kentang dari alat apa pun yang mengeluarkan panas.
  • Kentang yang mentah sebaiknya dimakan dalam 4 hari setelah dimasak dan harus selalu dipanaskan untuk mencegah bakteri.

Baca Juga: Manfaat dan Risiko Makan Kentang Mentah

 

Amankah Kentang yang Berwarna Hijau atau Sudah Bertunas Dimakan?

Kentang yang berwarna hijau tidak selalu adalah kentang yang beracun. Kentang berwarna hijau mungkin karena kentang masih terlalu muda. Namun jika kentang terasa pahit saat dimakan sebaiknya berhenti memakannya.

Sedangkan kentang yang telah tumbuh tunasnya sebaiknya tidak dimakan. Memasaknya juga tidak mengurangi risiko keracunan. Solusi terbaik adalah menanamnya agar menjadi tanaman kentang yang baru.

Nah, sudah tahu kan risiko mengonsumsi kentang yang bertunas. Di lain waktu, lebih berhati-hati dalam memilih kentang untuk dimakan, ya.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 17:36

Diana M. Pei, PharmD. Are Sprouted Potatoes Safe to Eat?. Available from: https://www.poison.org/articles/are-green-potatoes-safe-to-eat-191.

Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA (2021). Green potatoes: Edible or toxic?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/are-green-potatoes-harmful.

Alina Petre, MS, RD, NL (2020). Are Sprouted Potatoes Safe to Eat?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/sprouted-potato.

European Food Safety Authority (2020). Glycoalkaloids in potatoes: public health risks assessed. Available from: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/glycoalkaloids-potatoes-public-health-risks-assessed.

Cecilia Snyder, MS, RD (2020). How Long Do Potatoes Last?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-long-do-potatoes-last.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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