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  • Bedah Bariatrik untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan, Siapa Saja yang Boleh Menjalaninya?

Bedah Bariatrik untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan, Siapa Saja yang Boleh Menjalaninya?

Bedah Bariatrik untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan, Siapa Saja yang Boleh Menjalaninya?
Credits: Freepik> bedah bariatrik untuk menurunkan berat badan.

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Bedah bariatrik (bariatric surgery) adalah kategori bedah yang dimaksudkan untuk membantu orang dengan obesitas agar bisa menurunkan berat badan. Bedah bariatrik direkomendasikan bila metode penurunan berat badan lainnya gagal, dan obesitas menimbulkan masalah kesehatan.

 

Seperti Apa Bedah Bariatrik Dilakukan?

Prosedur bedah bariatrik masih jarang digunakan di Indonesia, namun di negara lain prosedur ini sangat populer dan banyak yang memakainya untuk mengatasi obesitas.

Prosedur bedah ini bekerja dengan memodifikasi sistem pencernaan, sehingga dapat mengontrol berapa banyak kalori yang dapat dikonsumsi dan diserap tubuh. Prosedur ini juga dapat mengurangi sinyal lapar yang berjalan dari sistem pencernaan ke otak, sehingga Anda tidak makan dalam porsi berlebihan.

Dilansir dari laman p2ptm Kemenkes, ada dua jenis bedah bariatrik yang saat ini dipraktekkan, di antaranya:

Bedah bariatrik reversible (bisa dikembalikan ke keadaan semula)

Pada prosedur bedah bariatrik reversible, biasanya dokter akan menggunakan metode gastric banding, di mana leher lambung diikat menggunakan pita atau selang kecil yang terhubung ke sebuah pompa kecil yang ditanam di bawah kulit.

Cairan steril akan disuntikkan menuju pita atau selang sehingga kemudian akan mengembang dan 'mencekik' leher lambung. Metode ini menyebabkan Anda akan menjadi lebih cepat kenyang karena terbentuk ukuran lambung baru yang lebih kecil.

Bedah bariatrik irreversible (kondisinya tetap)

Pada bedah bariatrik irreversible, sifatnya akan tetap. Biasanya pada metode ini dilakukan pemotongan lambung dan rekonstruksi saluran pencernaan (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy).

Rekonstruksi saluran pencernaan ini perlu dilakukan agar terjadi adaptasi lambung, sehingga tidak mengakibatkan berat badan kembali naik di kemudian hari.

 

Siapa Saja yang Boleh Menjalani Bedah Bariatrik

Walaupun metode ini digunakan untuk membantu menurunkan berat badan, namun dikatakan bahwa tidak semua direkomendasikan menjalaninya.

Menurut American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, inilah mereka yang bisa mendapatkan bedah bariatrik:

  • Orang dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) 40 atau lebih dari 40
  • Mengalami kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas dan memiliki komorbid seperti penyakit jantung, stroke, tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit hati, gangguan tidur, dan diabetes tipe 2
  • Orang dengan kondisi tidak dapat menurunkan berat badan walau telah menjalani berbagai program penurunan berat badan

Menurut Dr. Errawan Wiradisuria, SpB-KBD, M.Kes, presiden Perhimpunan Bedah Endolaparoskopik Indonesia (PBEI), dan sekjen Ikatan Ahli Bedah Digestif Indonesia, ada satu lagi kualifikasi pasien yang dipertimbangkan untuk menjalani bedah bariatrik, yaitu orang dengan indeks massa tubuh di bawah 30, namun memiliki penyakit penyerta seperti penyakit jantung, diabetes melitus, hiperlipidemia (kelebihan lemak dalam darah), asma, hiperkolesterolemia (kelebihan kolesterol dalam darah).

Jika semua indikasi sudah memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkan bedah bariatrik, maka dokter akan menentukan metode apa yang digunakan.

 

Seberapa Efektif Bedah Bariatrik untuk Menurunkan Berat Badan?

Hampir 90% orang yang menjalani bedah bariatrik kehilangan 50% dari kelebihan berat badannya. Namun perlu dicatat bahwa setiap metode mungkin memberikan hasil yang berbeda.

Adanya perbedaan kondisi yang melatarbelakangi setiap kasus, dan juga kemampuan tubuh untuk beradaptasi dan merevitalisasi tubuh memberikan perbedaan efek dan hasil.

Penurunan berat badan juga tidak akan langsung didapatkan secara instan, karena biasanya berat badan diukur setelah 18-24 bulan Anda menjalani bedah bariatrik.

Setelah menjalani operasi bedah bariatrik, Anda juga harus mau mengubah gaya hidup disertai dengan kesadaran dan kedisiplinan. Anda tetap membutuhkan sesi konsultasi ke ahli gizi sehingga pola diet dan nutrisi tetap tercukupi tanpa harus makan dalam porsi berlebihan.

 

Apakah Anda berminat mendapatkan prosedur bariatrik? Diskusikan dengan dokter Anda apabila Anda memenuhi kualifikasi untuk mendapatkan bedah bariatrik guna membantu menurunkan berat badan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 05:23

p2ptm kemenkes (2016). Melawan Obesitas dengan Bariatric Surgery. Available from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/artikel-penyakit/melawan-obesitas-dengan-bariatric-surgery

Mayo Clinic (2021). Bariatric surgery. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bariatric-surgery/about/pac-20394258

Mayo Clinic (2020). Weight-loss surgery: Is it an option for you?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/gastric-bypass-surgery/art-20046318

Meagan Drillinger. Bariatric Surgery Requirements: Who's Eligible?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/connect-to-care/bariatric-surgery/bariatric-surgery-eligibility-criteria

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Bariatric Surgery. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17285-bariatric-obesity-surgery

 

Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FN (2022). Bariatric Surgery: Everything You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/bariatric-surgery-defined-3157049

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6281 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6281
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 462 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 462
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9655 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9655
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3627 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10136
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9886
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9802
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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