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  • Apa Itu Ultra Processed Food dan Efeknya bagi Kesehatan?

Apa Itu Ultra Processed Food dan Efeknya bagi Kesehatan?

Apa Itu Ultra Processed Food dan Efeknya bagi Kesehatan?
Ilustrasi ultra processed food. Credit: Freepik

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Anda mungkin sudah familiar dengan istilah junk food dan fast food, tapi bagaimana dengan ultra processed food? Ultra processed food (UPF) atau makanan ultra proses sering dianggap sama dengan junk food atau fast food meskipun sebenarnya berbeda. Lantas, apa perbedaan di antara ketiganya dan bagaimana efek mengonsumsi makanan ultra proses bagi kesehatan?

 

Apa Itu Ultra Processed Food (Makanan Ultra Porses)?

UPF adalah makanan yang telah diubah dari bentuk aslinya. Pengolahan makanan pada makanan ultra proses meliputi pemasanan, pasteurisasi, pengalengan dan pengeringan dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk pemrosesan makanan. Pada beberapa definisi, makanan yang melalui proses pendinginan juga dapat dikategorikan sebagai makanan olahan.

Pengolahan ini bertujuan untuk membuat makanan lebih awet dan tahan lama dikonsumsi dalam jangka panjang. Banyak yang beranggapan bahwa teknik dasar pengolahan makanan dan pengawetan pasti membuat makanan menjadi tidak sehat, namun sebenarnya tidak selalu demikian. Meskipun, makanan yang melalui proses pengolahan dan pengawetan jika dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis seperti obesitas dan kanker. 

UPF sering disamakan dengan junk food dan fast food padahal ketiganya memiliki definis berbeda. Berikut perbedaannya: 

  • Junk food : Makanan yang mengandung nilai gizi rendah, mengandung tinggi lemak, gula, garam dan bahan pengawet. Contoh: cake, minuman bersoda, keripik  
  • Fast food: Makanan yang proses memasak dan penyajiannya disajikan dalam waktu singkat. Contoh: burger keju, pizza, kentang goreng, dan sandwich
  • Ultra processed food: Makanan yang telah melalui proses pengolahan makanan sehingga memiliki bentuk yang jauh dari aslinya. Makanan ultra proses mencakup hasil makanan dari industri pengolahan makanan, contohnya biskuit, makanan kaleng, keripik dan sereal

Baca Juga: Apa Bahaya Makan Mie Instant Setiap Hari?

 

Efek Ultra Processed Food bagi Kesehatan

Mengonsumsi makanan ultra proses dikaitkan dengan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Namun perlu diketahui bahwa tidak semua makanan dan minuman olahan tidak memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan.

Beberapa jenis makanan ultra proses juga telah diperkaya nutrisi yang membantu memenuhi kebutuhan vitamin, mineral dan nutirisi lainnya namun dengan tambahan gula, natrium, dan lemak jenuh yang terbatas. Dilansir dari Health, jika dikonsumsi dengan tepat, makanan ultra proses seperti makanan yang sudah difortifikasi dapat mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bagi orang dengan kondisi kesehatan tertentu.  

Meski demikian, mengonsumsi UPF juga meningkatkan risiko kesehatan seperti hipertensi, kanker dan diabetes tipe 2. Makanan ultra proses umumya mengandung berbagai zat aditif seperti pengawet dan pewarna yang membuat makanan dapat tampil menarik dan tahan lebih lama. Kandungan nutrisi yang tidak seimbang dengan kebutuhan umum tubuh manusia inilah yang membuat Anda perlu lebih selektif dalam mengonsumsi makanan ultra proses. 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Junk Food Banyak Disukai Anak-Anak dan Dewasa?

Kelebihan dari makanan ultra proses adalah memiliki kemasan menarik, mudah didapat dan memiliki rasa yang pastinya banyak disukai. Namun para ahli menganjurkan konsumsi makanan ultra proses sebaiknya hanya untuk makanan okasional yang dikonsumsi sesekali. Untuk sehari-hari, sebaiknya konsumsi makanan segar atau minim olahan. 

Beberapa cara yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk membatasi konsumsi makanan ultra proses, antara lain:

  • Pilih yogurt plain dan tambahkan buah segar daripada buah kalengan untuk memberi rasa segar dan manis
  • Menerapkan meal plan untuk membatasi konsumsi makanan cepat saji
  • Perbanyak konsumsi sayuran, buah-buahan, kacang-kacangan dan biji-bijian
  • Menerapkan mindful eating, memerhatikan dan menikmati kegiatan makan dengan kesadaran penuh

Makanan ultra proses sebenarnya tidak selalu buruk. Jika ingin mengonsumsi ultra processed food sebaiknya perhatikan label kemasan dengan seksama, dan batasi jumlah konsumsinya. Apabila memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang tersedia pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 7 Februari 2024 | 04:15

Garone, S. (2023). What’s the Difference Between Processed and Ultra-Processed Food?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/ultra-processed-foods

British Heart Foundation. Ultra-processed foods: how bad are they for your health?. Available from: https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/behind-the-headlines/ultra-processed-foods#

Lehman, S (2022). What Makes Junk Food So Tempting?. Available from: https://www.verywellfit.com/why-you-eat-junk-food-2507661

Brown, S. (2022). What Does ‘Ultra-Processed Food’ Actually Mean?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/defining-ultra-processed-foods-is-debated-5509462

Brown, S. (2022). You Can Identify Whether Your Food Is Ultra-Processed on This New Database. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/a-new-tool-compares-the-processing-levels-of-food-5324869

Manaker, L. (2024). How to Tell If Your Favorite Snack Is an Ultra-Processed Food. Available from: https://www.health.com/ultra-processed-snack-food-8422674

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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