Manfaat Memberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada Bayi Prematur

Manfaat Memberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada Bayi Prematur
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Bayi prematur adalah bayi yang dilahirkan lebih awal, sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu, akibat adanya kondisi kesehatan tertentu. Karena dilahirkan lebih awal, tentunya risiko komplikasi yang bisa terjadi pada bayi sangat besar akibat sebagian organ-organ di dalam tubuh belum berkembang sempurna. Oleh karena itu, mereka juga cenderung membutuhkan perawatan khusus seperti NICU dan harus tinggal lebih lama di rumah sakit.

Karena harus berjuang untuk bisa tumbuh dan berkembang di luar rahim, bayi prematur juga tetap membutuhkan asupan nutrisi dari Anda. Perbedaannya, asupan nutrisi kali ini tidak disalurkan lagi melalui plasenta, melainkan melalui ASI (Air Susu Ibu).

 

Kandungan Nutrisi di Dalam ASI

Bayi prematur umumnya belum memiliki sistem pencernaan yang matang, sehingga ASI adalah makanan terbaik yang aman untuk perut kecilnya. ASI menyediakan kecukupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan bayi di antaranya:

  • Protein

Protein bisa sulit dicerna oleh perut bayi, khususnya bayi prematur. Belum lagi bila bayi memiliki alergi akan susu formula, kondisi bayi akan lebih rumit dan tidak bisa minum susu formula. Salah satu manfaat menyusui bayi adalah protein di dalam ASI jauh lebih mudah dicerna daripada susu formula, sehingga menyusui bayi prematur tetap dianjurkan menjadi pilihan utama.

  • Lemak

Berat badan bayi prematur cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan bayi yang lahir cukup usia. Lemak pada ASI menyediakan kalori yang cukup, mengandung asam lemak yang bermanfaat, dan mengandung lipase, yang membantu bayi prematur dalam mencerna lemak di dalam ASI lebih baik. Penyerapan lemak yang lebih baik ini sangat penting guna membantu menunjang pertumbuhannya dan juga bagi perkembangan otak bayi.

  • Karbohidrat

ASI mengandung (gula) laktosa dan juga oligosakarida alami. Bayi prematur menyerap sampai 90% laktosa ASI yang menyebabkan mereka mudah menyerap mineral. Karbohidrat ini juga berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitifnya. Oligosakarida juga bertindak sebagai prebiotik dalam mikrobioma usus.

 

Manfaat yang Didapat Bayi Prematur dari ASI

Selain mendapatkan manfaat dari nutrisi yang berlimpah, menyusui bayi juga memberikan manfaat lain dalam hal kekebalan tubuh, di antaranya:

  • Menurunkan risiko infeksi

ASI mengandung antibodi yang membantu menurunkan risiko terjadinya infeksi pada bayi. Manfaat ini membantu bayi prematur bertahan hidup di luar rahim lebih baik dan mencegah bayi mudah sakit. Juga terdapat antibodi IgA dalam ASI yang berperan dalam respon anti peradangan.

ASI tidak hanya melindungi bayi prematur dari penyakit yang umum, namun juga menurunkan risiko penyakit tertentu seperti necrotizing enterocolitis yang merupakan komplikasi serius terhadap bayi prematur. Selain itu, ASI juga berperan sebagai agen spesial yang melindungi tubuh bayi prematur dari risiko sepsis, meningitis, infeksi saluran pernapasan seperti pneumonia dan bronkiolitis.

  • Sistem kekebalan tubuh menjadi lebih kuat

Anak yang diberikan ASI biasanya memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lebih kuat. Antibodi yang ada dalam sistem kekebalan ibu bisa diberikan pada anaknya melalui ASI. Kemungkinan terjadinya alergi dan asma pada anak juga bisa berkurang.

 

Memberikan ASI pada bayi prematur tentu menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi ibu, karena harus melakukannya di ruang NICU atau di rumah sakit. Anda mungkin juga hanya bisa memberikannya dalam bentuk ASIP apabila ada kondisi tertentu, untuk itu Anda bisa membicarakannya kembali dengan dokter Anda agar menemukan solusi yang terbaik bagi bayi dan juga Anda sesuai kondisi saat ini.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 09:46

Bird, C. (2022). Breastfeeding Benefits for Preemies. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/breastfeeding-benefits-for-preemies-2748576

Cleveland Clinic (2018). The Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby & for Mom. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15274-the-benefits-of-breastfeeding-for-baby--for-mom

Raising Children. Breastmilk and breastfeeding: benefits. Available from: https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/breastfeeding-bottle-feeding/about-breastfeeding/breastmilk-breastfeeding-benefits

John Hopkins Medicine. Breast Milk Is Best. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/breastfeeding-your-baby/breast-milk-is-the-best-milk

Mayo Clinic (2021). Premature birth. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-birth/symptoms-causes/syc-20376730

Berger, PK., et al. (2021). Carbohydrate composition in breast milk and its effect on infant health. Retrieved 24 June 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7805382/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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