Inilah Perbedaan Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal dan Non-Hormonal

Inilah Perbedaan Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal dan Non-Hormonal
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Alat kontrasepsi sangat berguna untuk membantu mencegah kehamilan dan mengatur jarak kehamilan. Ada banyak pilihan alat kontrasepsi yang ditawarkan dengan tingkat keamanan yang relatif sama, mudah dijangkau dan digunakan. Dalam memilih alat kontrasepsi perlu dipertimbangkan risiko, kelebihan dan kekurangannya, terutama bila Anda memiliki kondisi kesehatan tertentu yang mengharuskan Anda menghindari perubahan hormon, memiliki volume menstruasi yang sangat banyak, memiliki riwayat endometriosis, dan lain sebagainya.

Alat kontrasepsi tidak hanya bisa digunakan oleh wanita, beberapa alat kontrasepsi juga bisa digunakan oleh pria. Secara umum, alat kontrasepsi dibagi menjadi dua jenis, alat kontrasepsi hormonal dan non hormonal. Perbedaan antara alat kontrasepsi hormonal dan non hormonal akan dibahas secara singkat dalam artikel ini.

 

Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal

Alat kontrasepsi hormonal diklaim dapat memberikan 99% perlindungan terhadap kehamilan. Sesuai dengan namanya, alat kontrasepsi hormonal terkait dengan sistem endokrin di dalam tubuh (sistem tubuh yang menciptakan hormon yang diangkut dalam cairan jaringan dan merangsang sel atau jaringan tertentu.) Kandungan hormon tertentu di dalam alat kontrasepsi akan mempengaruhi zat kimia tubuh untuk mencegah kehamilan dengan cara:

  • Mencegah ovarium melepaskan sel telur
  • Mengentalkan lendir serviks untuk mencegah sperma mencapai sel telur
  • Menipiskan lapisan rahim untuk mencegah implantasi

Kelebihan alat kontrasepsi hormonal:

  • Tidak mengganggu aktivitas seksual dengan pasangan
  • Menyebabkan menstruasi yang lebih ringan, mengurangi nyeri dan gejala pramenstruasi
  • Memberikan perlindungan terhadap kanker ovarium, kanker rahim dan kanker usus

Kekurangan alat kontrasepsi hormonal:

  • Memiliki beberapa efek samping yang mempengaruhi perubahan payudara, volume menstruasi dan perubahan suasana hati
  • Berisiko menyebabkan efek samping serius seperti pengentalan darah, penyumbatan pembuluh darah, kanker payudara dan kanker serviks
  • Tidak memberikan perlindungan terhadap penyakit menular seksual

Contoh alat kontrasepsi hormonal di antaranya: KB implan, KB suntik, pil KB kombinasi, pil KB mini, KB koyo, KB Spiral (IUD) LNG, cincin kontrasepsi vagina hormonal.

Pemilihan alat kontrasepsi hormonal sebaiknya dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik maupun pemeriksaan riwayat kesehatan. Dokter mungkin tidak akan menganjurkan kontrasepsi hormonal apabila Anda memiliki riwayat tekanan darah tinggi, berusia di atas 35 tahun, perokok aktif, memiliki riwayat migrain atau kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas.

 

Alat Kontrasepsi Non-Hormonal

Disebut alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal berarti alat kontrasepsi ini mencegah kehamilan dengan cara lain yang tidak berkaitan dengan hormon. Alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal memiliki lebih banyak pilihan dibandingkan kontrasepsi hormonal, di mana Anda juga harus mencoba dan mencari tahu mana yang paling cocok dan nyaman bagi Anda.

Secara umum, kontrasepsi non-hormonal memiliki beberapa metode, di antaranya:

  • Metode penghalang, seperti cervical cap, kondom pria, kondom wanita, spermisida
  • KB Alami, seperti metode kalender, metode laktasi
  • Metode permanen, seperti sterilisasi pada wanita, sterilisasi pada pria (vasektomi)

Sama seperti kontrasepsi hormonal, kontrasepsi non-hormonal juga memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Kelebihan utama kontrasepsi non-hormonal adalah tidak adanya campur tangan hormon dalam mencegah kehamilan yang aman untuk kondisi kesehatan tertentu. Kekurangan dari alat kontrasepsi ini menurut FDA dan CDC adalah efektivitas perlindungannya yang mungkin tidak sebaik kontrasepsi hormonal, yang dipaparkan sebagai berikut:

  • IUD tembaga memiliki efektivitas 99%
  • Diafragma dengan spermisida memiliki efektivitas 88%
  • Gel kontrasepsi memiliki efektivitas 86%
  • Kondom pria memiliki efektivitas 82%
  • Kondom wanita memiliki efektivitas 79%
  • Metode koitus interruptus memiliki efektivitas 78%
  • Cervical cap dengan spermisida memiliki efektivitas 77%
  • Spons dengan atau tanpa spermisida memiliki efektivitas 76-88%
  • Metode kalender memiliki efektivitas 76%
  • Spermisida saja memiliki efektivitas 72%

Berbicara tentang pengaruhnya terkait kondisi kesehatan, alat kontrasepsi non-hormonal mungkin lebih unggul ketimbang kontrasepsi hormonal, namun bukan berarti menjadi yang terbaik. Untuk memastikan mana jenis kontrasepsi yang sesuai dengan kondisi tubuh dan cocok digunakan oleh Anda, terlebih dahulu bicarakan dengan dokter kandungan Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:07
Tags : kontrasepsi Alat Kontrasepsi kb hormonal

Kate Rope (2020). Nonhormonal Birth Control. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/non-hormonal-birth-control-options

CDC (2022). Contraception. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm

Terrence Higgins Trust. Hormonal contraception. Available from: https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv-and-sexual-health/sexual-health/improving-your-sexual-health/contraception/hormonal

Simone Marie (2021). Your FAQs: What Is Nonhormonal Birth Control?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/birth-control/what-is-nonhormonal-birth-control

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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