Bolehkah Bayi dan Balita Diberi Antibiotik?

Bolehkah Bayi dan Balita Diberi Antibiotik?
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Obat-obatan jenis antibiotik biasa diberikan untuk mengobati penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Pada usia bayi dan balita, penyakit infeksi yang sering dialami anak-anak di antaranya batuk, pilek, dan diare. Lantas, amankah memberi obat antibiotik pada bayi dan balita?

 

Apa Itu Antibiotik?

Antibiotik adalah obat-obatan yang digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi bakteri. Obat antibiotik bekerja dengan membunuh bakteri atau mencegah bakteri berkembang biak. Beberapa penyakit yang dapat disembuhkan dengan obat antibiotik antara lain:

  • Infeksi telinga dan sinus
  • Infeksi gigi
  • Infeksi kulit
  • Meningitis
  • Radang tenggorokan
  • Infeksi saluran kemih
  • Pneumonia akibat bakteri
  • Batuk rejan

Antibiotik hanya dapat mengobati penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dan tidak dapat mengobati penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus. Jika anak mengalami batuk, pilek, bronkitis, dan muntaber karena virus, memberikan antibiotik tidak akan mempercepat penyembuhan penyakit.

 

Bolehkah Bayi dan Balita Diberi Antibiotik?

Dilansir dari What to Expect, anak-anak usia bayi dan balita bisa diberi obat antibiotik jika memang sakit yang diderita disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Namun penyakit infeksi yang biasa diderita anak-anak umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus. Karenanya, Anda perlu memeriksakan si kecil ke dokter untuk memastikan apakah sakit yang dialami si kecil disebabkan oleh bakteri.

Jika hasil pemeriksaan menyebutkan anak terkena infeksi bakteri, maka dokter akan memberikan antibiotik sesuai kondisi si kecil. Apabila dokter meresepkan antibiotik, sebaiknya habiskan obat antibiotik hingga tuntas sesuai anjuran pemakaian. Pengobatan antibiotik yang tidak tuntas menyebabkan bakteri mudah kembali dan meningkatkan risiko anak mengalami resistensi antibiotik.

 

Bahaya Penggunaan Antibiotik Secara Berlebihan pada Anak

Tidak semua penyakit yang dialami anak-anak membutuhkan antibiotik. Memberikan antibtiotik di luar anjuran dokter justru dapat membahayakan kesehatan si kecil. Anak yang terlalu banyak minum antibiotik di luar kebutuhan berisiko mengalami gangguan mikrobioma tubuh, yaitu bakteri sehat, jamur dan virus yang sebagian besar hidup di usus manusia. Perubahan mikrobioma usus dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko infeksi, penyakit autoimun dan peradangan kronis.

Selain itu, risiko penggunaan antibiotik berlebihan pada anak antara lain:

  • Anak berisiko mengalami efek samping obat seperti diare, infeksi jamur dan reaksi alergi
  • Anak berisiko mengalami masalah fungsi sistem kekebalan seperti penyakit radang usus, penyakit celiac, diabetes dan asma pada anak-anak
  • Anak mengalami resistensi antibiotik, yaitu kekebalan terhadap antibiotik. Artinya, bakteri tertentu tidak mempan diobati dengan antibiotik. Jika kelak si kecil mengalami infeksi bakteri tersebut, ia akan membutuhkan dosis yang lebih tinggi.
  • Memicu pertumbuhan strain/jenis bakteri baru yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Akibatnya, semakin banyak bakteri yang tumbuh dan kebal terhadap antibiotik

 

Tips Memberikan Obat Antibiotik pada Bayi dan Balita

Obat antibiotik untuk bayi dan balita biasanya berbentuk sirup yang bisa diberikan dalam sendok atau pipet. Beberapa obat antibiotik juga tersedia dalam bentuk oles. Bagi orang tua yang akan memberikan antibiotik pada bayi, pastikan memberikan obat sesuai waktu dan dosis yang dianjurkan. Selain itu tetap berikan obat antibiotik hingga dosis habis meskipun anak-anak sudah tidak menunjukkan keluhan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:43

NHS. Medicines for Babies and Children. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/health/medicines-for-babies-and-children/

Healthy Children. Antibiotic Prescriptions for Children: 10 Common Questins Answered. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/medication-safety/Pages/Antibiotic-Prescriptions-for-Children.aspx

de Belelfonds, C. (2022). Are Antibiotics Safe for Babbies and Toddlers?. Available from: https://www.whattoexpect.com/family/childrens-health-and-safety/overusing-antibiotics-in-children/#

Health Harvard. (2018). Giving babies and toddlers antibiotics can increase the risk of obesity. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/giving-babies-and-toddlers-antibiotics-can-increase-the-risk-of-obesity-2018113015477

 

WebMD. What Are Antibiotics?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-are-antibiotics

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9900 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9869 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9869
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 45 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 45
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1270 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1270
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5378
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4442 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4442
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-11 00:18:43GET/ibu-dan-anak/antibiotik-untuk-bayi-dan-balita31133113