Ketahui Ragam Manfaat Tes Genetik

Ketahui Ragam Manfaat Tes Genetik
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Tes genetik selama ini mungkin lebih banyak dikenal untuk mengetahui hubungan darah dan garis keturunan seseorang. Namun, sebenarnya tes genetik adalah jenis pemeriksaan yang membantu dalam banyak hal, tidak hanya digunakan untuk mengonfirmasi garis keturunan atau hubungan darah seseorang saja.

Saat ini di dunia ada ratusan tes genetik yang tersedia dan masih banyak lagi yang sedang dalam pengembangan. Pemeriksaan ini melibatkan proses identifikasi suatu perubahan dalam gen, kromosom atau protein. Tes ini bisa menggunakan beragam sampel seperti darah, air liur, atau sampel jaringan lainnya.

 

Manfaat Tes Genetik

Tes genetik memiliki berbagai manfaat yang berguna khususnya bagi kesehatan, di antaranya:

Mengetahui asal usul dan garis keturunan

Salah satu manfaat tes genetik yang paling populer adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan keluarga dan garis keturunan. Melalui tes ini, seseorang bisa menemukan kerabat yang mungkin tidak diketahui sebelumnya, atau mengetahui apakah mereka memiliki hubungan darah dengan anak atau orang tua. Tes ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan profil genetik seseorang dengan individu lain yang diduga merupakan kerabat dekat.

 

Memahami risiko kesehatan

Beberapa tes genetik dapat memberikan informasi terkait risiko genetik seseorang terhadap suatu penyakit atau risiko kesehatan tertentu. Informasi ini bermanfaat membantu mengambil tindakan pencegahan, pemantauan atau pengobatan berdasarkan hasil tes dan risiko yang teridentifikasi.

 

Diagnosis prenatal

Pemeriksaan genetik juga bisa digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kemungkinan adanya kelainan genetik, kelainan bawaan atau cacat lahir pada janin sebelum kelahiran. Tujuan dari tes ini memberikan informasi kepada orang tua tentang kondisi kesehatan janin selama masih berada dalam kandungan sehingga dapat membuat keputusan tentang perawatan atau perencanaan masa depan. Tes diagnosis prenatal bisa dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel sel dari janin atau plasenta.

Baca Juga: Manfaat Tes NIPT saat Sedang Hamil

 

Skrining bayi baru lahir

Tes genetik juga dapat digunakan sebagai skrining penyakit turunan pada bayi baru lahir, untuk mengetahui bila bayi memiliki suatu kelainan bawaan yang diturunkan secara genetik oleh orang tuanya. Tujuan dari tes ini untuk mendeteksi dini kondisi genetik atau metabolik tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan serius dan memerlukan intervensi segera. Pengobatan dan intervensi sejak dini bisa sangat membantu dan bahkan mencegah disabilitas yang sangat berat.

 

Tes praimplantasi

Pemeriksaan ini umumnya dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan skrining pada embrio (janin dalam minggu ketiga sampai ke-8 dalam kehamilan). Skrining dilakukan untuk melihat bila ada suatu kelainan genetik atau kromosom pada embrio dalam proses program bayi tabung atau IVF (fertilisasi in vitro). Manfaat dan tujuan dari tes ini adalah untuk meningkatkan peluang kelahiran bayi sehat dan mengurangi risiko kelainan genetik yang mungkin dialami.

Baca Juga: Prosedur dan Manfaat Test CA 125

 

Tes farmakogenetik

Tes farmakogenetik adalah jenis tes genetik yang biasanya digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana faktor genetik seseorang dapat memengaruhi respons terhadap obat-obatan. Tes ini sangat penting dilakukan misalnya pada seseorang yang memiliki resistensi genetik terhadap virus seperti HIV.

 

Sebelum memutuskan untuk menjalani pengujian genetik, penting untuk berbicara dengan dokter agar Anda bisa memahami manfaat, risiko, dan dampak emosional yang mungkin terkait dengan hasil tes. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai tes genetik dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 23 Agustus 2023 | 10:05

Mary Kugler, RN (2023). What Is Genetic Testing?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-dna-test-2860730 

Medline Plus (2021). What is genetic testing?. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/genetictesting/ 

National Human Genome Research Institute (2023). Newborn Genetic Screening. Available from: https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Newborn-Genetic-Screening 

American College of Obstretricians and Gynecologist (2021). Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/prenatal-genetic-screening-tests 

KidsHealth (2022). Pharmacogenetics: How Genetic Testing Can Guide Medicine Decisions. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pharmacogenomics.html 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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