Ketahui Bagaimana Prosedur Tes DNA

Ketahui Bagaimana Prosedur Tes DNA
Ilustrasi tes DNA. Credits: Freepik

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Tes DNA atau tes genetik digunakan untuk menganalisis informasi genetik seseorang yang terdapat di dalam DNA mereka. Tes ini biasanya dimanfaatkan untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi genetik yang terkait dengan penyakit genetik, risiko mengembangkan penyakit tertentu di masa depan, pemilihan pengobatan yang tepat, memberikan informasi warisan genetik sebagai skrining prenatal serta pelacakan genetik.

Tes DNA tergolong sebagai tes yang cukup rumit. Namun, teknologi tes DNA saat ini semakin berkembang dan canggih. Ketahui bagaimana prosedur tes DNA.

 

Prosedur Tes DNA

Sebelum menjalani tes DNA biasanya Anda akan disarankan untk menjalani beberapa konseling pra tes. Konseling ini dapat bervariasi tergantung pada tujuan prosedur tes DNA itu sendiri. Namun, salah satu tujuan konseling adalah memastikan bahwa Anda memberikan persetujuan tanpa paksaan atau pengaruh dan memahami penuh manfaat serta risiko prosedur pemeriksaan ini.

Setelah konseling selesai, sampel akan diambil untuk dilakukan pengujian. Sampel tes DNA dapat diperoleh dengan cara berikut:

  • Tes usap (cheek swab) ke bagian dalam pipi
  • Pengambilan darah 
  • Pengambilan sampel air liur 
  • Pengambilan beberapa tetes darah pada bayi baru lahir dengan menusuk tumit bayi
  • Amniosintesis, yaitu prosedur pengambilan sampel melalui cairan ketuban dengan memasukkan jarum tipis ke dalam rahim
  • Chorionic villus sampling, yaitu prosedur pengambilan sampel dari jaringan plasenta 
  • Fine needle aspiration, yaitu prosedur pengambilan sampel melalui sel, jaringan, atau cairan yang tidak normal di tubuh

Baca Juga: Berbagai Jenis Tes DNA dan Manfaatnya di Bidang Kesehatan

 

Efek Samping Tes DNA

Pengambilan sampel tes DNA sebagian besar adalah prosedur sederhana, khususnya pengambilan sampel melalui tes usap, air liur maupun darah. Namun, Anda perlu mewaspadai beberapa efek samping, di antaranya:

  • Prosedur tes DNA yang melibatkan penggunaan jarum dapat menyebabkan risiko infeksi, nyeri, memar dan perdarahan
  • Obat penenang yang diberikan selama tes DNA mungkin menyebabkan efek samping seperti pusing jangka pendek, kelelahan, mual, atau muntah

Baca Juga: Tes Genetik: Bantu Prediksi Kanker Sejak Dini

 

Persiapan Sebelum Menjalani Tes DNA

Apabila Anda hendak melakukan tes DNA, ada beberapa hal yang perlu dipersiapkan:

  • Konsultasikan informasi yang relevan dengan jenis tes yang tepat untuk Anda, manfaat dan risiko tes, serta prosedur yang akan dijalani
  • Tentukan tujuan Anda melakukan tes DNA
  • Pilih laboratorium yang tepercaya dan memiliki sertifikasi yang sesuai
  • Pastikan Anda sudah mengetahui biaya tes, biaya konsultasi dan biaya konseling atau biaya tambahan lain yang mungkin dikenakan
  • Pahami prosedur pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan, apakah dengan pengambilan sampel darah, air liur, tes usap pipi, atau lainnya
  • Pastikan untuk mengikuti konseling terlebih dahulu agar benar-benar memahami tujuan, manfaat, risiko dan implikasi tes
  • Persiapkan fisik dan emosional sebelum menjalani tes DNA
  • Jika hasil tes menunjukkan hasil yang membutuhkan tindakan medis, pastikan Anda sudah mempersiapkan diri dan kembali berkonsultasi dengan dokter
  • Pahami bahwa hasil tes DNA adalah hal yang pribadi sehingga perlu dikelola dan disimpan dengan aman serta sesuai standar yang berlaku

 

Biaya, konseling dan prosedur di setiap klinik atau rumah sakit bisa berbeda-beda. Anda bisa mengumpulkan informasi dan melakukan survei klinik atau rumah sakit mana yang sesuai dengan tujuan Anda. Apabila ada pertanyaan terkait dengan prosedur tes DNA atau manfaatnya, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 19 Juni 2024 | 06:13

Mary Kugler, RN (2023). What Is Genetic Testing?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-dna-test-2860730 

Cleveland Clinic (2024). DNA Paternity Test. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/10119-dna-paternity-test 

Medline Plus (2021). How is genetic testing done?. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/procedure/ 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Genetic testing. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/genetic-testing/about/pac-20384827 

Dr. Liji Thomas (2019). Heel Prick Test / Guthrie Test. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Heel-Prick-Test-Guthrie-Test.aspx 

John Hopkins Medicine. Amniocentesis. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/amniocentesis 

Taylor M. Jones and Freddy J. Montero (2022). Chorionic Villus Sampling. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563301/ 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1090
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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