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Mengenal Berbagai Jenis Lemak dan Manfaatnya bagi Tubuh

Mengenal Berbagai Jenis Lemak dan Manfaatnya bagi Tubuh

Bagikan :


Banyak orang menganggap lemak adalah penyebab dari sejumlah masalah kesehatan seperti kolesterol dan obesitas. Akibatnya, lemak dianggap sebagai zat yang berbahaya. Padahal, dalam jumlah yang tepat, lemak memiliki sejumlah manfaat bagi tubuh.

 

Mengenal jenis-jenis lemak dan manfaatnya bagi tubuh

Lemak sering dikenal sebagai biang kerok berbagai gangguan kesehatan seperti obesitas, kolesterol tinggi, dan stroke. Anggapan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya salah, lemak yang menumpuk memang dapat memicu berbagai penyakit. Namun Anda tidak perlu membakar lemak habis-habisan karena lemak juga dibutuhkan oleh tubuh.

Utamanya, lemak berfungsi sebagai sumber energi dalam tubuh kita. Lemak juga membantu tubuh menyerap vitamin D, vitamin A, dan vitamin E. Tanpa lemak, kandungan vitamin akan sulit untuk diserap tubuh. Secara umum, lemak dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu lemak dalam makanan (dietary fat) dan lemak dalam tubuh (body fat). Jika ada kelebihan lemak yang tidak digunakan tubuh untuk menjadi energi, cadangan lemak akan disimpan menjadi lemak tubuh. Beberapa jenis lemak dalam makanan di antaranya:

1. Lemak jenuh

Lemak jenuh sering dianggap lemak jahat karena menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan seperti kolesterol dan penyakit jantung. Lemak ini dianggap jahat karena ketika dikonsumsi lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol LDL. Lemak ini dapat dijumpai di berbagai jenis makanan seperti daging merah, daging olahan, produk susu, dan makanan cepat saji. Menurut anjuran Asosiasi jantung Amerika, batas asupan harian lemak jenuh adalah maksimal 7% dari total kebutuhan kalori harian.

2. Lemak trans

Lemak trans umumnya dijumpai di makanan olahan. Lemak ini akan berbentuk padat pada suhu ruangan. Anda dapat menemukan lemak trans pada makanan kemasan yang umumnya ditulis dengan istiah hydrogenated atau partially hydrogenated. Lemak trans dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, sehingga asupan lemak trans tidak direkomendasikan tidak lebih dari 2% total energi yang didapat dari makanan. Untuk menghindari efek samping bahaya lemak trans, batasi konsumsi makanan olahan seperti margarin dan makanan kalengan.

3. Monounsaturated fat (Lemak tak jenuh tunggal)

Monounsaturated fat dikenal dengan istilah MUFA atau lemak tak jenuh tunggal adalah salah satu jenis asam lemak yang baik untuk tubuh. Disebut lemak tak jenuh tunggal karena hanya memiliki satu ikatan rangkap. Lemak tak jenuh tunggal dikenal memiliki sejumlah manfaat bagi tubuh dan dapat menurunkan kolesterol jahat dalam darah. Lemak jenis ini bisa Anda dapatkan dari alpukat dan minyak zaitun.

4. Polyunsaturated fat (Lemak tak jenuh ganda)

Polyunsaturated fat dikenal dengan istilah lemak esensial. Lemak ini termasuk lemak baik yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah dan risiko penyakit jantung. Jenis lemak ini mengandung asam lemak omega-3 yang dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit arteri koroner, menurunkan tekanan darah dan menjaga detak jantung. Anda dapat menemukan lemak tak jenuh ganda dalam ikan salmon, ikan sarden, minyak kanola dan kacang kenari.

 

Pada dasarnya, lemak memiliki sejumlah manfaat bagi tubuh seperti melindungi sel saraf, membantu pencernaan dan membantu produksi hormon. Namun dalam jumlah yang berlebihan, lemak dapat menimbulkan bahaya bagi kesehatan. Dengan membatasi konsumsi lemak harian yang diimbangi dnegan olahraga dan menerapkan gaya hidup sehat, maka lemak tidak akan membahayakan tubuh.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited by: dr. Anita Larasati Priyono

Last Updated: 25-July-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Scott JR, Fogoros R. Dietary Fat: Definition and Examples. Verywell Fit. 2020 September. https://www.verywellfit.com/what-is-dietary-fat-3496105
  2. American Heart Association. Saturated Fat. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/fats/saturated-fats
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6820 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6820
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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