Pahami Zona Detak Jantung saat Latihan Kardio

Pahami Zona Detak Jantung saat Latihan Kardio
Ilustrasi sedang melakukan olahraga lari. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Olahraga ternyata tidak boleh dilakukan sembarangan. Meskipun memiliki beragam manfaat bagi jantung dan pembuluh darah, namun para ahli menganjurkan untuk berolahraga sesuai intensitas dan kemampuan, terutama saat melakukan kardio.

Salah satu tips agar olahraga kardio Anda efektif adalah dengan mengetahui detak jantung maksimal dan bekerja sesuai zona heart rate.

 

Menentukan Detak Jantung Maksimum saat Olahraga

Dengan mengetahui detak jantung maksimum (maximum heart rate), Anda dapat menyesuaikan jenis latihan dengan intensitas yang tepat. Detak jantung maksimum adalah detak jantung paling cepat yang bisa dilakukan jantung Anda. Angka detak ini bervariasi tergantung usia.

Beberapa cara menentukan detak jantung maksimum antara lain:

  • Kurangi usia Anda dari 220

Misalnya jika Anda berusia 45 tahun maka detak jantung maksimum Anda adalah 220-45=175.

  • Rumus Tanaka

Menghitung detak jantung maksimum dengan rumus Tanaka dapat dilakukan dengan mengalikan usia Anda dengan 0,7 lalu angka tersebut dikurangi 208. Misalnya jika Anda berusia 45 tahun maka perhitungan detak jantung maksimum adalah 208-(45x0,7))=176,5.

Dengan demikian, detak jantung maksimum Anda adalah 175-176,5.

Baca Juga: Tips Memulai Olahraga Kardio bagi Pemula

 

Menentukan Zona Heart Rate saat Olahraga

Anda bisa mendapatkan berbagai manfaat kebugaran dengan berolahraga di zona detak jantung (heart rate) yang berbeda. Kelima zona ini disesuaikan dengan rentang persentase detak jantung maksimum yang sudah dihitung sebelumnya.

Pada masing-masing zona, Anda akan merasakan pengerahan energi yang berbeda untuk membakar karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein dalam persentase yang berbeda pula.

Kelima zona heart rate tersebut antara lain:

Zona sangat ringan: Di bawah 57% dari detak jantung maksimum

Olahaga pada zona sangat ringan menunjukkan bahwa Anda tidak banyak bergerak atau melakukan aktivitas yang sangat ringan.

Olahraga dalam zona ini biasa dilakukan ketika Anda baru selesai latihan yang lebih intens atau setelah mengikuti sesi olahraga yang melelahkan. Jenis olahraga dalam zona ini antara lain jalan kaki ringan atau bersepeda di medan datar.

 

Zona ringan: Antara 57%-63% dari detak jantung maksimum

Olahraga pada zona ringan dianggap sebagai batas bawah olahraga intensitas sedang. Tanda Anda sedang berolahraga pada zona ini antara lain Anda masih dapat melakukan percakapan penuh di zona ini meskipun bernapas dengan lebih berat.

Olahraga di zona ini dianggap kurang intens dan kurang memberikan manfaat pada kardiorespirasi (organ jantung dan paru), namun cukup membantu mengurangi lemak tubuh serta menurunkan tekanan darah dan kolesterol.

Baca Juga: Yuk! Simak Manfaat Olahraga Kardio Untuk Tubuh

 

Zona sedang: Antara 64%-76% dari detak jantung maksimum

Latihan pada zona ini merupakan zona latihan dengan intesitas sedang yang paling tinggi. Saat berolahraga di zona ini napas Anda semakin berat namun Anda masih dapat berbicara dalam kalimat pendek.

Contoh latihan di zona ini adalah jalan cepat dimana tubuh Anda memerlukan 10% karbohidrat, 5% protein dan 85% lemak sebagai bahan bakar.

 

Zona kuat: Antara 77%-95% dari detak jantung maksimum

Olaharaga yang umum dilakukan di zona ini adalah olahraga untuk kekuatan tubuh (endurance). Latihan di zona ini memacu tubuh Anda untuk meningkatkan sistem peredaran darah dengan membentuk pembuluh darah baru serta meningkatkan kapasitas jantung dan paru-paru.

Dengan meningkatnya intensitas latihan, Anda membakar lebih banyak kalori dalam waktu yang sama. Olahraga yang sering dilakukan pada zona ini antara lain bersepeda, berlari, dan jalan cepat.

 

Zona maksimal: 96%-100% dari detak jantung maksimum

Olahraga pada zona ini membuat napas Anda terengah-engah dan sulit untuk berbicara. Latihan ini hanya dianjurkan pada atlet yang sangat berpengalaman dan dalam kondisi sangat bugar.

Anda hanya diperbolehkan berada dalam zona ini selama beberapa menit lalu turun ke intensitas yang lebih rendah selama beberapa menit, lalu naik kembali. Berolahraga dengan intensitas lebih tinggi dari ini akan membahayakan nyawa. 

 

Lantas, di zona mana sebaiknya Anda harus berolahraga? Yang terbaik adalah memvariasikan latihan Anda sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi badan. Konsultasikan dengan dokter sebelum menentukan jenis, durasi dan intensitas olahraga yang Anda pilih untuk menjaga kebugaran. 

Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 21 Agustus 2023 | 05:31

Bumgardner, W. (2022). Heart Rate Zone Training for Cardio Exercise. Available from: https://www.verywellfit.com/heart-zone-training-3432619

Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Exercise Heart Rate Zones Explained. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/exercise-heart-rate-zones-explained/

Mayo Clinic Staff. Exercise intensity: How to measure it. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-intensity/art-20046887#

 

Waehner, P. (2022). Everything You Need to Know About Cardio. Available from: https://www.verywellfit.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-cardio-1229553

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6748 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6748
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7978 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7978
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6426 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6175
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3781
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9705
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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