Takut Jarum Suntik (Trypanophobia) dan Cara Mengatasinya

Takut Jarum Suntik (Trypanophobia) dan Cara Mengatasinya
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Ketakutan akan jarum suntik adalah hal yang wajar dialami baik anak-anak maupun dewasa. Beberapa orang dapat mengalami ketakutan berlebihan akan jarum suntik atau yang dikenal dengan istilah trypanophobia.

 

Apa Itu Trypanophobia?

Trypanophobia adalah istilah untuk menyebut ketakutan berlebihan pada semua prosedur medis yang melibatkan jarum suntik. Umumnya kondisi ini berkaitan dengan ketakutan akan jarum atau benda kecil tajam lainnnya.

Trypanophobia adalah jenis fobia yang spesifik. Ketakutan ini secara tidak langsung dapat memengaruhi pilihan perawatan medis yang Anda lakukan. Apabila ketakutan ini mengganggu prosedur medis yang diperlukan, sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda.

Kondisi takut akan jarum suntik biasanya dialami anak-anak. Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa setidaknya 2-3 anak-anak takut akan jarum suntik. Namun kondisi ini juga dapat dialami dewasa. Sekitar 1 dari 10 orang dewasa dapat mengalami ketakutan akan jarum suntik.

 

Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Terapi untuk Mengatasi Fobia

 

Penyebab Seseorang Takut Jarum Suntik (Trypanophobia) 

Penyebab ketakutan akan jarum suntik dapat berbeda-beda pada setiap orang. Masing-masing orang memiliki alasan sendiri yang menyebabkan dirinya takut akan jarum suntik atau benda tajam lainnya. Beberapa alasan orang dapat mengalami ketakutan akan jarum suntik, antara lain:

Pernah mengalami trauma yang disebabkan oleh benda atau situasi tertentu

  • Memiliki keluarga yang mengalami fobia spesifik
  • Perubahan zat kimia pada otak
  • Mengalami fobia masa kecil
  • Memiliki temperamen sensitif atau negatif

Orang yang memiliki pengalaman buruk dengan jarum juga dapat memicu terjadinya trauma dan ketakutan akan jarum suntik. Beberapa pengalaman yang dapat memicu ketakutan tersebut, antara lain:

  • Pingsan atau pusing parah akibat reaksi refleks vasovagal saat ditusuk jarum
  • Pernah mengalami suntikan yang menyakitkan sehingga menyebabkan trauma melihat jarum
  • Ketakutan akan penyakit atau hipokondria
  • Kepekaan terhadap rasa sakit yang cenderung bersifat genetik, biasanya ditandai dengan kecemasan atau tingginya tekanan darah, dan detak jantung selama prosedur medis yang melibatkan jarum
  • Rasa takut akan sesuatu yang ditahan, yang sering disalahartikan sebagai trypanophobia karena banyak orang yang menahan diri ketika disuntik

 

Baca Juga: Bagaimana Membujuk Anak Divaksin Bila Ia Takut Jarum?

 

Cara Mengatasi Ketakutan akan Jarum Suntik (Trypanophobia)

Meskipun ketakutan akan jarum suntik tidak berbahaya, namun fobia ini dapat membatasi prosedur medis yang perlu Anda lakukan. Misalnya, Anda akan kesulitan untuk mendapatkan vaksin dalam rangka pencegahan penyakit dan kesulitan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan yang membutuhkan pemeriksaan darah.

Mengatasi ketakutan jarum suntik dapat dilakukan dalam berbagai cara, di antaranya:

 

Terapi pemaparan (exposure therapy)

Terapi ini dilakukan dengan membiarkan Anda terpapar hal yang memicu fobia, dalam hal ini jarum suntik. Terapis akan menunjukkan gambar jarum pada Anda, meminta Anda berdiri di dekat jarum, atau meminta Anda memegangnya. Tujuan dari terapi ini adalah untuk mengubah respons fisik dan mental Anda saat melihat jarum. Secara perlahan terapi ini diharapkan dapat mengubah persepsi Anda pada jarum.

 

Terapi perilaku kognitif (CBT)

Terapi perilaku kognitif (cognitive behavioral therapy) atau juga dikenal dengan terapi bicara dilakukan dengan berbicara dengan terapis mengenai rasa takut yang dialami. Pasien akan belajar mengenai penyebab rasa takut pada jarum, cara menghadapi rasa takut dan berbagai cara berpikir tentang jarum. Terapi ini akan melatih pasien agar memiliki kontrol lebih besar dari ketakutan yang dialami. 

 

Obat-obatan

Obat-obatan juga dapat diberikan pada pengidap trypanophobia yang mengalami kecemasan saat menghadapi jarum suntik. 

 

Ketakutan akan jarum suntik mungkin tidak berbahaya, namun dapat menyulitkan Anda mendapatkan vaksin dan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan yang bermanfaat untuk menjaga kesehatan Anda. Jika Anda mengalami ketakutan akan jarum suntik sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter agar mendapatkan solusi dan penanganan terbaik. 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 21 Juli 2023 | 04:40
Tags : fobia terapi fobia trypanophobia

Cleveland Clinic. Trypanophobia (Fear of Needles). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22731-trypanophobia-fear-of-needles#

Cirino, E. (2018). Trypanophobia. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/trypanophobia

Fritscher, L. (2023). What to Know About Trypanophobia—A Fear of Needles. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/trypanophobia-2671700

Shmerling, R. (2021). Terrified of needles? That can affect your health. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/terrified-of-needles-that-can-affect-your-health-2021042722470

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