Apa yang Terjadi Ketika Seseorang Mengalami Koma?

Apa yang Terjadi Ketika Seseorang Mengalami Koma?
Credit: Freepik. Koma adalah kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami kehilangan kesadaran.

Bagikan :


Koma adalah kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami kehilangan kesadaran. Namun berbeda dengan pingsan yang hanya terjadi sementara, koma dapat terjadi dalam waktu yang lama. Lantas, apa sebenarnya yang terjadi ketika seseorang mengalami koma?

 

Penyebab Koma

Dilansir dari WebMD, koma disebabkan oleh adanya cedera di bagian otak yang mengatur kesadaran. Cedera pada otak dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti perdarahan, peningkatan tekanan, kekurangan oksigen dan penumpukan racun. Kerusakan otak dapat bersifat sementara dan disembuhkan, namun pada beberapa kasus hal ini juga dapat bersifat permanen.

Koma umumnya berlangsung tidak lebih dari beberapa minggu. Orang yang tidak sadar atau berada dalam keadaan koma dalam waktu lama kemungkinan akan mengalami kondisi vegetatif (persistent vegetative state) atau mati otak (brain death) di mana seluruh aktivitas otak terhenti secara permanen.

Baca Juga: 5 Kondisi Kesehatan yang Dapat Menyebabkan Perdarahan Otak | AI Care (ai-care.id)

 

Apa yang Terjadi Ketika Seseorang Mengalami Koma?

Orang yang koma mengalami kerusakan di bagian otak, dimana mereka tidak mampu merespon situasi yang ada di sekitarnya. Artinya, orang yang sedang koma tidak bisa membuka mata, bersuara dan merespon gerakan orang lain meskipun sudah diberi rangsangan.

Misalnya, ketika mencoba menggenggam tangan pasien yang koma, maka pasien tidak akan membalas genggaman tangan Anda.

Begitu juga jika Anda mencubit pasien koma, pasien tidak bisa merespon kesakitan atau mengerang. Apabila muncul respon pun, maka respon tersebut akan minimal seperti gerakan tangan yang pelan atau erangan kecil.

Beberapa pasien koma dapat bernapas secara mandiri, namun pada beberapa kasus, pasien koma membutuhkan ventilator (alat bantu napas).

Sedangkan untuk makan dan minum, pasien koma tidak dapat makan atau minum seperti biasa. Pasien koma akan mendapatkan asupan cairan, nutrsi dan obat-obatan melalui infus atau selang yang terpasang langsung ke saluran pencernaan.

Dalam jangka pendek, orang yang koma akan dirawat di unit perawatan intensif (ICU). Perawatan di ICU akan memastikan kondisi pasien dan fungsi tubuh seperti pernapasan dan tekanan darah tetap stabil sementara penyebab koma akan diobati.

Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, perawat akan memberikan perawatan suportif dengan memberikan nutrisi, mencegah infeksi, hingga termasuk menggerakkan pasien secara teratur untuk menghindari luka baring sekaligus untuk melatih persendian agar tidak kaku.

Baca Juga: Ingin Otak Sehat? Hindari Terlalu Banyak Mengonsumsi Makanan Ini | AI Care (ai-care.id)

 

Berapa Lama Seseorang Mengalami Koma?

Dilansir dari NHS, koma umumnya berlangsung selama beberapa minggu, tergantung dari kondisi pasien. Dengan pengobatan yang diberikan selama koma, tingkat kesadaran pasien perlahan-lahan meningkat. Ketika otak pasien sudah dapat berfungsi kembali, maka fungsi tubuh akan kembali seperti semula sehingga pasien akan segera sadar.

Saat pertama kali terbangun dari koma, pasien akan merasa bingung dan hanya merespon lambat pada apa yang terjadi di sekitar. Butuh waktu beberapa saat bagi pasien untuk memahami lingkungan terbaru di sekitarnya saat bangun.

Apakah seseorang dapat sepenuhnya kembali normal setelah koma?. Hal ini tergantung dari penyebab koma dan keparahan kerusakan otak. Terkadang orang yang bangun dari koma dapat mengingat dengan jelas apa yang mereka alami sebelum koma dan bisa melakukan semua aktivitas yang biasa mereka lakukan.

Namun pada kerusakan otak yang lebih parah, beberapa pasien mengalami penurunan kemampuan fisik dan kognitif. Pasien membutuhkan terapi untuk melakukan aktivitas harian seperti menggenggam dan menyuapkan sendok, mengikat tali sepatu, hingga terapi bicara.

 

Koma adalah tingkat paling dalam ketika seseorang kehilangan kesadaran diri. Anda dapat mencegah koma dengan rutin memeriksakan diri apabila Anda mengidap penyakit yang berisiko menyebabkan koma seperti penyakit liver dan diabetes. Selain itu hindari cedera saat beraktivitas dengan selalu memakai alat pelindung diri.

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:48

NHS. Coma. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coma/#

Rees, M. (2022). What to know about a coma. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173655

Tzovara, A., De Lucia, M. (2019). Can the Brain of a Patient in a Coma React to Sounds? Authors and reviewers. Available from: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00019

Mayo Clinic. Coma. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371099

Kids Health. What is a Coma?. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/coma.html

 

WebMD Editorial Contributors. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/coma-types-causes-treatments-prognosis

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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