Apa Itu Elektrokardiogram (EKG) dan Bagaimana Prosedurnya?

Apa Itu Elektrokardiogram (EKG) dan Bagaimana Prosedurnya?
Credit: Freepik. Pemeriksaan EKG (Elektrokardiogram) adalah prosedur yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kelistrikan pada jantung.

Bagikan :


Bagi Anda yang pernah menjalani pemeriksaan jantung tentu tidak asing dengan pemeriksaan elektrokardiogram atau EKG. Pemeriksaan EKG dilakukan untuk merekam aktivitas kelistrikan yang ada pada jantung. Bagaimana prosedur menjalani pemeriksaan EKG? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu EKG (Elektrokardiogram)?

Jantung manusia bekerja dengan sinyal listrik alami yang membuat otot-otot jantung berkontraksi. Ketika jantung berdetak, sinyal listrik ini akan mengalir dalam jantung. Sinyal listrik ini yang mengatur kontraksi otot jantung sehingga dapat meremas dan memompa darah keluar dari jantung.

Pemeriksaan EKG (elektrokardiogram) dilakukan untuk merekam aktivitas kelistrikan pada jantung. Biasanya dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan EKG pada pasien yang memiliki gangguan jantung seperti nyeri dada, badan lemas, sesak napas, dan jantung berdebar.

Dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan EKG pada pasien yang akan menjalani operasi serta untuk menilai efektivitas pemberian obat-obatan penyakit jantung.

Pemeriksaan EKG juga dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kondisi berikut:

  • Aritmia
  • Penyakit jantung koroner
  • Serangan jantung
  • Kardiomiopati

 

Prosedur Melakukan EKG (Elektrokardiogram)

Pemeriksaan EKG dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat rekam jantung (elektrokardiograf). Alat ini mampu mendeteksi sinyal listrik dari jantung. Ada beberapa jenis pemeriksaan EKG yang bisa dilakukan, antara lain:

  • Resting ECG, yaitu pemeriksaan EKG yang dilakukan ketika Anda berbaring
  • Stress Test ECG, yaitu pemeriksaan yang dilakukan ketika Anda berolahraga menggunakan sepeda statis atau treadmill
  • Holter monitor, yaitu pemeriksaan EKG yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus selama 24-48 jam

Sebelum menjalani pemeriksaan EKG, perawat akan meminta Anda untuk melepas semua perhiasan atau benda-benda logam yang menempel pada tubuh. Jika tidak dilepaskan, benda-benda yang menempel pada tubuh tersebut dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan EKG.

Anda kemudian akan diminta melepaskan baju dan mengenakan baju medis untuk pemeriksaan. Setelah siap, maka pemeriksaan EKG akan dimulai.

Prosedur pelaksanaan EKG:

  • Perawat akan menempelkan alat elektroda di atas kulit dada Anda. Elektroda akan tersambung dengan elektrokardiograf untuk merekam detak jantung Anda.
  • Anda akan diminta berbaring selama pemeriksaan. Hindari bergerak-gerak dan bicara selama pemeriksaan EKG agar tidak mengganggu hasil pemeriksaan.
  • Setelah elektroda terpasang, perawat akan memasukkan data diri Anda ke elektrokardiograf lalu pemeriksaan dimulai.
  • Mesin EKG akan merekam aktivitas kelistrikan jantung pasien dan menghasilkan data dalam bentuk grafik. Grafik tersebut akan dicetak dan dianalisis oleh dokter.

Pemeriksaan EKG hanya berlangsung singkat. Setelah proses EKG selesai, perawat akan melepas elektroda yang menempel di kulit dan membiarkan Anda beristirahat.

 

Risiko Melakukan Pemeriksaan EKG (Elektrokardiogram)

Pemeriksaan EKG adalah prosedur yang aman. Ketika alat elektroda dipasangkan ke kulit, tidak ada aliran listrik yang dikirimkan ke tubuh. Alat ini hanya bekerja untuk merekam aktivitas kelistrikan pada jantung.

Namun bagi beberapa orang mungkin akan terasa tidak nyaman ketika perban atau elektroda dilepas dari kulit. Prosedur ini juga dapat menyebabkan ruam pada area yang ditempeli alat EKG.

Usai menjalani prosedur EKG, Anda dapat kembali beraktivitas seperti biasa. Setelah membaca hasil EKG Anda, dokter dapat merekomendasikan beberapa perubahan pola makan atau aktivitas jika dibutuhkan, tergantung dari hasil pemeriksaan.

 

Pemeriksaan EKG (Elektrokardiogram) adalah prosedur yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kelistrikan pada jantung. Prosedur ini aman dan minim risiko serta efek samping. Apabila Anda memiliki keluhan seperti sesak napas, jantung berdebar dan dada sesak, sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:40

Mayo Clinic. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ekg/about/pac-20384983

NHS. Electrocardiogram (ECG). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/electrocardiogram/

WebMD. Heart Disease and Electricardiograms. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogram-ekgs

 

John Hopkins. Electrocardiogram. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/electrocardiogram

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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