Kenali Fungsi Ovarium pada Sistem Reproduksi

Kenali Fungsi Ovarium pada Sistem Reproduksi
Ilustrasi ovairum. Credit: Freepik

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Ovarium adalah organ penting pada sistem reproduksi wanita. Selain berfungsi menghasilkan sel telur setiap bulan, ovarium juga bertugas  untuk menghasilkan hormon. Adanya gangguan pada organ ovarium dapat mengganggu kesuburan wanita.

 

Apa Itu Ovarium?

Sistem reproduksi seksual pada manusia memungkinkan manusia untuk meneruskan keturunan. Sistem reproduksi pada wanita dan pria memiliki perbedaan mendasar. Pada wanita, salah satu organ reproduksi yang berperan penting adalah ovarium.

Ovarium atau indung telur adalah sepasang organ reproduksi wanita yang berada di dekat panggul kanan dan kiri di kedua sisi rahim. Ovarium disangga oleh beberapa otot ligamen dan otot panggul. Warna ovarium bervariasi, mulai dari putih hingga abu-abu muda. Di masa subur wanita, organ ovarium berukuran 3-5 cm dan akan mengecil ketika memasuki menopause.

Selama proses ovulasi terjadi, ovarium akan melepaskan sel telur ke saluran rahim. Jika dalam rahim terjadi pembuahan oleh sel sperma, maka akan terjadi kehamilan. Namun jika tidak dibuahi oleh sel sperma, sel telur akan menempel pada dinding rahim dan luruh bersama darah menstruasi.

Ovarium akan terus melepaskan sel telur hingga memasuki masa menopause. Ketika wanita sudah memasuki masa menopause maka ovarium akan berhenti melepaskan sel telur.

Baca Juga: Apa Saja Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ovarium?

 

Bagian-Bagian dan Fungsi Ovarium

Ovarium memiliki tiga bagian utama, yaitu:

  • Lapisan luar: Ovarium memiliki lapisan permukaan yang dibentuk jaringan epitel kuboid sederhana yang dikenal sebagai epitel germinal. Lapisan ini memiliki lapisan di bawahnya berupa jaringan ikat yang padat.
  • Korteks ovarium: Korteks ovarium terdiri dari stroma jaringan ikat dan banyak folikel ovarium. Setiap folikel mengandung oosit (sel telur yang belum matang) yang dikelilingi oleh satu lapisan sel folikel.
  • Medulla: Medulla dibentuk oleh jaringan ikat longgar dan kaya akan jaringan saraf dan pembuluh darah.

Ovarium memiliki fungsi penting dalam reproduksi wanita. Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, berikut ini beberapa fungsi ovarium:

Menghasilkan dan melepaskan sel telur

Ovarium berperan penting dalam konsepsi dan menstruasi. Masing-masing ovarium memiliki ribuan folikel ovarium. Setiap bulannya, di anatra 6-14 hari siklus menstruasi, FSH (hormon perangsang folikel) akan menyebabkan sel telur matang. Pada hari ke-14 dari sklus menstruasi, LH (Luteinizing hormone) akhirnya melepas sel telur yang matang. Proses ini dikenal dengan istilah ovulasi.

Sel telur yang dilepas akan melewati tuba falopi menuju rahim. Seiring perjalanan sel telur ke rahim, hormon progesteron akan meningkat dan membantu menyiapkan dinding rahim untuk kehamilan. Jika sel telur yang matang tidak dibuahi oleh sel sperma, sel telur akan rusak dan diserap kembali oleh tubuh kemudian terjadilah menstruasi.

Menghasilkan hormon

Ovarium juga menghasilkan beberapa hormon penting wanita yaitu:

  • Hormon estrogen, berfungsi untuk mengatur siklus menstruasi, menjaga kehamilan dan menjaga kesehatan jantung
  • Hormon progesteron, berfungsi untuk membentuk tubuh perempuan ketika pubertas
  • Hormon relaksin, berfungsi mempersiapkan uterus untuk mempertahankan kehamilan dan menghindari keguguran
  • Hormon inhibin, berfungsi menghambat kelenjar pituitari menghasilkan hormon

Baca Juga: Rahim Diangkat, Masih Mungkinkah Mengalami Kanker Ovarium?

 

Gangguan Kesehatan pada Ovarium

Ovarium juga dapat mengalami masalah kesehatan. Adanya masalah pada ovarium dapat memengaruhi siklus menstruasi hingga kesuburan Anda. Beberapa masalah kesehatan yang dapat terjadi pada ovarium antara lain: 

  • Kista ovarium: Terbentuknya kista atau kantung berisi cairan di ovarium, biasanya bersifat tidak berbahaya
  • PCOS: Gangguan hormon yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya kista di tepi luar ovarium dan ovarium tidak secara teratur melepaskan sel telur
  • Tumor ovarium: Tumbuhnya jaringan pada lapisan permukaan ovarium namun tumor bersifat jinak
  • Kanker ovarium: Tumbuhnya kanker pada lapisan ovarium dan bersifat ganas
  • Endometriosis: Kondisi di mana tumbuh jaringan rahim di luar rahim

 

Ovarium adalah organ penting bagi sistem reproduksi wanita. Adanya masalah pada ovarium dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesuburan. Jika Anda memiliki masalah kesehatan pada ovarium sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh dari ponsel Anda. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 20 Juni 2024 | 04:57

Medline Plus. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ovariandisorders.html

Cleveland Clinic. Ovaries. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22999-ovaries#

The Healthline Editorial Team. (2018). Ovary. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/ovary

Vallie, S. (2022). Ovaries: What to Know. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/women/ovaries-what-to-know#

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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