Apa Saja Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ovarium?

Apa Saja Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ovarium?
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Kanker ovarium adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang mematikan bagi para wanita. Kanker ovarium atau yang juga dikenal sebagai kanker indung telur adalah kanker yang terjadi pada area indung telur, kelenjar penghasil sel telur pada wanita. Apa saja penyebab dan faktor risiko terjadinya kanker ovarium? Simak ulasannya berikut ini. 

 

Penyebab Kanker Ovarium

Kanker ovarium adalah kondisi dimana kanker berkembang di ovarium atau indung telur. Hingga kini belum diketahui penyebab pasti dari kanker ovarium, namun para ahli mengungkapkan bahwa kanker secara umum disebabkan oleh perubahan DNA dalam sel. 

Sel dalam DNA mengandung instruksi apa yang harus dilakukan oleh sel. Adanya mutasi dalam DNA menyebabkan sel untuk tumbuh dan berkembang berlipat ganda sehingga membentuk tumor. Akibatnya sel yang sehat akan mati secara perlahan. Pertumbuhan sel dapat menyerang jaringan terdekat dan menyebabkan sel kanker berkembang ke bagian lain dari tubuh. 

 

Baca Juga: Tak Hanya Satu, Inilah Jenis-Jenis Kista Ovarium dan Perbedaannya

 

Faktor Risiko Kanker Ovarium

Meski belum diketahui penyebab mutasi DNA secara pasti, namun sejumlah faktor dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang terkena kanker ovarium. Beberapa faktor risiko tersebut antara lain: 

Pertambahan Usia

Seiring bertambahnya usia, seseorang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena kanker ovarium. Menurut American Cancer Society, sebagian besar kasus kanker ovarium dialami oleh wanita yang berusia di atas 63 tahun.

 

Mengalami Obesitas

Obesitas sering dikaitkan dengan berbagai masalah kesehatan, termasuk salah satunya adalah kanker ovarium. Wanita yang obesitas memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena kanker ovarium karena obesitas dapat memicu peradangan yang merusak DNA sel. Selain itu lemak yang berlebih akan menghasilkan estrogen lebih banyak sehingga memicu risiko kanker ovarium, kanker payudara dan kanker endometrium.

 

Hamil di Usia Lanjut atau Belum Pernah Hamil

Kehamilan berisiko di usia setelah 35 tahun termasuk kehamilan berisiko. Selain berbahaya bagi ibu hamil dan janin, kehamilan pertama di atas 35 tahun juga berisiko menyebabkan kanker ovarium. Wanita yang beberapa kali mengalami keguguran atau tidak hamil juga memiliki risiko tinggi terkena kanker ovarium. 

Terapi hormon setelah menopause

Wanita yang mengalami menopause umumnya menjalani terapi hormon untuk meredakan gejala menopause seperti hot flash. Wanita yang menjalani terapi hormon memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami kanker ovarium jika dibandingkan dengan wanita yang tidak pernah menjalani terapi hormon.

 

Baca Juga: Rahim Diangkat, Masih Mungkinkah Mengalami Kanker Ovarium?

 

Memiliki Riwayat Kanker dalam Keluarga

Kanker ovarium dapat terjadi akibat faktor genetik. Apabila dalam keluarga Anda memiliki riwayat kanker ovarium, kanker payudara dan kanker kolorektal baik dari pihak ayah dan ibu maka Anda berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami kanker ovarium. 

 

Sedang Menjalani Terapi Kesuburan

Bagi para wanita yang mengalami masalah ketidaksuburan, dokter dapat merekomendasikan menjalani program bayi tabung. Namun pada beberapa wanita program bayi tabung dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena kanker ovarium jenis tumor epitel borderline. Bagi Anda yang sedang menjalani program hamil atau terapi kesuburan sebaiknya konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter kandungan Anda. 

 

Cara Mengurangi Risiko Kanker Ovarium

Dilansir dari CDC, meskipun belum diketahui penyebab dan cara pasti untuk mencegah kanker ovarium, namun beberapa cara berikut dapat membantu menurunkan risiko terkena kanker ovarium:

  • Mengonsumsi pil KB hormonal selama 5 tahun atau lebih
  • Menjalani proses ligasi tuba, pengangkatan ovaroim atau histerektomi
  • Melahirkan dan menyusui (bagi ibu hamil)

Perlu diketahui kondisi setiap wanita berbeda sehingga faktor risiko dan cara menurunkan faktor risiko yang dimiliki pun berbeda-beda pada setiap individu. Jika Anda memiliki riwayat kanker dalam keluarga atau faktor risiko lainnya sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai pilihan cara untuk menurunkan risiko kanker ovarium. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 06:52

NHS. Causes. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/causes/

Mayo Clinic. Ovarian Cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375946

 

Cleveland Clinic. Ovarian Cancer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4447-ovarian-cancer

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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